| CRC | colorectal cancer |
| GBS | gallbladder stones |
| NHIRD | National Health Insurance Research Database |
| aHR | adjusted hazard ratio |
| CI | confidence interval |
| NHI | National Health Insurance |
| NHRI | National Health Research Institute |
| IRB | Institutional Review Board |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| ICD-9-CM | International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification |
| SDs | standard deviations |
| HRs | hazard ratios |
| NNT | number needed to treat |
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