| miRNAs | microRNAs |
| CTCs | Circulating tumor cells |
| ctDNA | Circulating tumor DNA |
| LSPR | Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance |
| SERS | Surface-enhanced Raman scattering |
| SPR | Surface plasmon resonance |
| TIRF | Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence microscopy |
| DLS | Dynamic light scattering |
| LOD | Limit of detection |
| SEPs | SERS-encoded particles |
| AuNPs | Gold nanoparticles |
| AgNPs | Silver nanoparticles |