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. 2020 Mar 19;21(6):2122. doi: 10.3390/ijms21062122

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Immune modulation of peripheral blood (PB)-derived mitochondria on PBMC. Health donor-derived PBMC (N = 4) were treated with PB-derived mitochondria (N = 4) in duplicate for 3 days in the presence of T-cell activator CD3/CD28 Dynabeads. (A) Phase contrast image show the cluster formation with different sizes. Untreated PBMC served as control (left panel). (B) Increase the PBMC proliferation by PB-derived mitochondria. (C) Improve the percentage of the activated CD4⁺ HLA-DR⁺ T cells by PB-derived mitochondria. (D) Improve the percentage of the activated CD8⁺ HLA-DR⁺ T cells by PB-derived mitochondria. (E) Suppression of inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ production in the presence of PB-derived mitochondria at 200 µg/mL. (F) Decrease the level of cytokine IL-12 in CD3/CD28 Dynabead-activated PBMC after the treatment with PB-derived mitochondria at 200 µg/mL. Data were given as mean ± SD (standard deviation, N = 4).