| ABCB1 | ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 |
| Akt/PKB | AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 |
| ALLN | N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-Norleu-al |
| APC/C | Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome |
| ATC | Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma |
| BTZ | Bortezomib |
| Cdh1 | APC coactivator Cdh1 |
| CdK1 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 |
| CdK2 | Cyclin dependent kinase 2 |
| CDKs | Cyclin-depended kinases |
| c-Myc | Avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog |
| CTCs | Circulating tumor cells |
| E1s | Ubiquitin-activating enzymes |
| E2s | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes |
| E3s | Ubiquitin ligases |
| EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
| ErbB2 | Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 |
| ERK | Extracellular regulated MAP kinase |
| E2~Ub | E2 enzyme and ubiquitin conjugated by thioester bond |
| FNA | Fine-needle aspiration |
| HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| HL | Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
| hsa-miR-631 | microRNA 631 |
| hsa-miR661-3p | microRNA 661 |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa B subunit |
| NHL | non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
| NSCLC | non-small cell lung carcinomas |
| p38 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 |
| p53 | Tumor suppressor p53 |
| RIZ1 | Retinoblastoma protein-interacting zinc finger protein1 |
| RNAi | RNA interference |
| qRT-PCR | Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction |
| siRNA | Small interfering RNA |
| SKY | Spectral karyotyping |
| UPS | Ubiquitin proteasome system |