Table 1.
Effects of cilostazol on cognitive function in patients with AD or mild, moderate, and/or severe dementia.
| Authors (Publication Year) | Study Design | Subjects Treated with Cilostazol | Period | Measurement | Results 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arai et al. (2009 [42]) |
An intervention study | 10 patients with moderate AD who had received donepezil | Mean follow-up: 7.6 months | MMSE | Improved cognitive function for 5–6 months |
| Sakurai et al. (2013 [43]) |
An intervention study | 11 patients with possible AD and confirmed cerebrovascular disease lesions | 6 months | MMSE; ADAS-Jcog; WMS-R logical memory-I; TMT-A | Maintained cognitive function, except for MMSE scores |
| Taguchi et al. (2013 [44]) |
A retrospective study | All cases treated with cilostazol and previously evaluated by MMSE (70 patients) | More than 6 months (Mean follow-up: control, 820 days; treated, 650 days) | MMSE | Improved cognitive function in patients with MCI, but not in those with normal cognitive function or dementia |
| Ihara et al. (2014 [45]) |
A retrospective study | 69 patients with mild (n = 34) and moderate/severe (n = 35) dementia who had received donepezil | More than 1 year (Mean follow-up: control, 30.4 months; treated, 28.6 months) | MMSE | Maintained cognitive function in patients with mild dementia, but not in those with moderate/severe dementia |
| Tai et al. (2017 [46]) |
A retrospective study | 30 patients with AD who had received AChEIs | 1 year | MMSE; CDR-SB | Reduced risk of deterioration of cognitive function |
| Lee et al. (2019 [47]) |
An intervention study | 18 AD patients with white matter lesions who had received donepezil | 24 weeks | MMSE; ADAS; ADCS-ADL; CDR-SB | Did not maintain cognitive function, but preserved regional cerebral glucose metabolism |
1 Effects of cilostazol compared to treatment without cilostazol or at baseline. Abbreviations: AChEIs, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; AD, Alzheimer’s Disease; ADAS, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale—cognitive subscale; ADAS-Jcog, ADAS Japanese version; ADCS-ADL, Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study—Activities of Daily Living; CDR-SB, clinical dementia rating sum of boxes; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; TMT-A, Trail Making Test A; WMS-R, Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised.