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. 2020 Feb 26;9(3):197. doi: 10.3390/antiox9030197

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Antioxidant activity and effects of UT on secreted protein expression in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. (A) DPPH radical-scavenging activity of UT. (B) Effects of UT on cell viability, (C) TARC secretion, and (D) MDC secretion. Values shown are the mean ± SD. #Significant differences from group 1 and the TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced group (^### P < 0.001). * Significant differences from the TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced group and groups 3, 4, and 5 (* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001). UT, Urtica thunbergiana; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; DPPH, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; TARC, thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine; MDC, macrophage-derived chemokine; SD, standard deviation.