Figure 4.

Pot assessment of iron tolerance in P. ginseng and resistance against the fungal infection. Morphological appearance of P. ginseng in response to iron stress and fungal infection. Pot assay was observed by morphological alterations after 7 days of bacterial inoculation, each pot included five seedlings. (1) Control; (2) P. ginseng seedlings inoculated with S. panacis DCY99^T; (3) Control under 500 mM iron stress; (4) P. ginseng seedlings inoculated with S. panacis DCY99^T under 500 mM iron stress; (5) P. ginseng seedlings inoculated with F. solani; (6) P. ginseng seedlings inoculated with F. solani and S. panacis DCY99^T; (7) P. ginseng seedlings inoculated with F. solani under 500 mM iron stress; (8) P. ginseng seedlings inoculated with F. solani and S. panacis DCY99^T under 500 mM iron stress; (9) P. ginseng seedlings inoculated with I. mors-panacis HB11; (10) P. ginseng seedlings inoculated with I. mors-panacis HB11 and S. panacis DCY99^T; (11) P. ginseng seedlings inoculated with I. mors-panacis HB11 under 500 mM iron stress; (12) P. ginseng seedlings inoculated with I. mors-panacis HB11 and S. panacis DCY99^T under 500 mM iron stress. During iron exposure, the aerial parts and roots of ginseng plants were visibly stressed, however, when the seedlings were primed with S. panacis DCY99^T at the time of iron exposure, iron tolerance was exhibited. But, S. panacis DCY99^T did not fully confer antifungal effect to seedlings.