PF543 attenuates TGF-β-induced fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin protein expression, as well as bleomycin- and TGF-β-induced mitochondrial ROS in lung fibroblasts. (A–C) Treatment of human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (5 ng/mL) for 48 h increased fibronectin (FN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, which was reduced by PF543 (1 µM) treatment. (D,E) Treatment of HLFs with PF543 (1 µM) for 1 h prior to BLM (1U/mL) or TGF-β challenge for 24 h decreased BLM- or TGF-β-induced mtROS. Data are from three independent experiments in triplicate and values are means + SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001, *** p < 0.0001 vs. control. n = 4.