Figure 11.

Blocking of S1P with S1P antibody mitigates TGF-β- and S1P- induced YAP1 translocation to the cell nucleus. Human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) grown on 35mm glass-bottom dishes were pre-treated with sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) antibody (25 µg/ml) for 1 h prior to TGF-β (5ng/ml) (A,B) or S1P (1 µM) (C,D) challenge for 3 h. (A,B) The merged images of YAP1 (red) and DAPI (blue) are shown. S1P antibody (S1P Ab) mitigated the TGF-β-induced YAP1 nuclear translocation. (C,D) S1P antibody also attenuated S1P-induced nuclear translocation of YAP1. *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 as compared to their respective controls. Cells (20–30 numbers) from at least 5–8 different areas of three independent experiments were used for quantification. Scale bar: 20 μm.