| CDKs | cyclin-dependent kinases |
| CDKIs | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors |
| DMSO | Dimethyl sulfoxide |
| EMT | epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
| FBS | Fetal Bovine Serum |
| HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| PARP | proteolytic cleavage of poly (ADP ribose) polymerase |
| PKB | Protein kinase B |
| Rb | retinoblastoma tumor suppressor |