Figure 4.

EVs secreted by lipid hypertrophied and insulin resistant adipocytes stimulate neighbored cells atrophy. Real time differentiation of C3H10T1/2 preadipocytes incubated with pathological vesicles (A: Palmitate EVs; B: Oleic Acid EVs; and C: HGHI EVs) isolated from an equivalent amount of cells (vesicles isolated from the same amount of treated cells) is shown. Cell index graphs are shown from day 0 to 8 of differentiation (3 independent experiments with n = 4 replicates/experiment; vesicles were refreshed every 48 h: days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 of differentiation indicated with a black arrow). Box diagrams showing the cell index at day 4 of differentiation for those adipocytes treated with pathological EVs is shown (D–F). Comparisons between two groups were performed by Mann-Whitney U test; p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant: * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01.