Table 2.
Summarized changes in claudin expression in hormone-related cancers in the human reproductive system.
| Claudin | Cancer | Changing Expression | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Claudin-1 | Prostate | ↓ | [55,56] |
| Breast (Invasive ductal carcinoma) | ↓ | [57] | |
| Breast (Luminal A and B) | ↓ | [58] | |
| Breast (Triple-negative/basal-like) | ↓ | [58] | |
| Breast (HER2 positive) | ↑ | [59] | |
| Breast (Claudin-low) | ↓ | [59] | |
| Cervical | ↑ | [60,61] | |
| Endometrial | ↓ | [62] | |
| Claudin-2 | Prostate | ↓ | [55,63] |
| Breast cancer metastases | ↑ | [64] | |
| Endometrial | ↑ | [65] | |
| Claudin-3 | Prostate | ↑ | [51,55,66,67] |
| Breast | ↓ | [17,68] | |
| Ovarian | ↑ | [69,70] | |
| Endometrial | ↑ | [65] | |
| Claudin-4 | Prostate | ↑ | [51,55,66] |
| Breast (Invasive ductal carcinoma) | ↓ | [17,57,68] | |
| Breast (basal-like) | ↑ | [71] | |
| Ovarian | ↑ | [69] | |
| Endometrial | ↑ | [62,72] | |
| Endometrial (differentiated and undifferentiated) | ↓ | [73] | |
| Claudin-5 | Prostate | ↓ | [55,56] |
| Cervical | ↓ | [74] | |
| Claudin-6 | Cervical | ↓ | [75] |
| Claudin-7 | Prostate | ↓ | [63] |
| Breast (Invasive ductal carcinoma) | ↓ | [17,59,68,76] | |
| Breast (luminal type) | ↑ | [68] | |
| Ovarian | ↑ | [77] | |
| Claudin-8 | Prostate | ↑ | [78] |
| Cervical | ↑ | [74] | |
| Claudin-9 | Cervical | ↓ | [74] |
| Claudin-12 | Breast (ER-negative) | ↑ | [79] |
HER2—receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2; ER—estrogen receptor; ↓downregulated; ↑upregulated.