Table 5.
Global health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its associated factors in women with breast cancer in the Middle East.
| Author Name | Global HRQoL Mean (SD) | Determinants of HRQoL | Signs of Association |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ahmed A et al. [21] | 50.7 (19.2) | Regular exercise | + |
| Multiple tumors | − | ||
| Metastasis | − | ||
| Fever | − | ||
| Age | − | ||
| Ahrafizadeh H [22] | 87.9 (2.15) | Higher level of education | + |
| Higher income | + | ||
| Type of surgery (breast conserving surgery versus mastectomy) | + | ||
| Duration of the disease/diagnosis | + | ||
| Akel R [23] | 108.7 (18.7) | Iraqi | − |
| Stage IV | − | ||
| Monthly income below 1000 USD | − | ||
| Chemotherapy | − | ||
| Anxiety and depression | − | ||
| Akin S [24] | Before chemotherapy: 69.2 (21.6) chemotherapy: 53.3 (20.5) |
Age (40–50 years) | − |
| Married | − | ||
| Employed women | − | ||
| Low income | − | ||
| Obesity | − | ||
| Stage I, II, III, | − | ||
| FAC/FEC and Docetaxel/Paclitaxel AC/EC | − | ||
| Diagnosis since 2–6 months | − | ||
| Breast-sparing surgical procedure | − | ||
| Alawadi S [25] | 45.3 (15.3) | Social functioning | − |
| Sexual enjoyment | − | ||
| Pain | − | ||
| Financial difficulty | + | ||
| Albabtain H [26] | CAM = 73.1 (20.2) No CAM = 64.8 (32.7) |
Complementary alternative medicine | + |
| Almutairi K [27] | 31.2 (20.5) | Pathological staging | − |
| Al-Naggar R [28] | < 55 years = 83.2 (22.8) ≥ 55 years = 77 (21.6) |
Lower income | − |
| >2 years after diagnosis | − | ||
| Under radiotherapy | + | ||
| Al-Natour A [29] | 79.9 (18. 1) | Spiritual wellbeing | + |
| Bagheri M [30] | 73.3 (11.2) | Body image, Appearance evaluative, Appearance orientation, Fitness evaluative, Fitness orientation, Subjective weight, Body satisfaction | + |
| Bayram Z [31] | 63.8 (16.4) | Literate, Homemakers, ECOG2, Stage IV, Chemotherapy agents (gemcitabine+cisplatin). | − |
| Filazoglu G [32] | - | Physical component score: | PCS: |
| Stage of Cancer | − | ||
| Time since operation | + | ||
| Time since diagnosis | + | ||
| Social support | + | ||
| Problem solving coping | + | ||
| Mental component score: | MCS: | ||
| Type of treatment | − | ||
| Stage of Cancer | − | ||
| Time since operation | + | ||
| Social support | + | ||
| Problem solving coping | + | ||
| Helplessness coping | − | ||
| Hujeir H [33] | 59.6 (29.0) | Psychological symptoms | − |
| Physical symptoms | − | ||
| Total memorial symptom assessment scale | − | ||
| Jafari N [34] | 41.4 (18.0) | Social functioning | + |
| Pain | − | ||
| Arm symptoms | − | ||
| Spiritual well-being | + | ||
| Jassim G [35] | 63.9 (21.3) | Advanced stage | − |
| Menopause | − | ||
| Khalili N [36] | 60.3 (21.10) | Emotion focused coping strategy | + |
| Affective interference of pain | − | ||
| Kiadaliri A [37] | Baseline: TAC: 69.3 (0.9) FAC: 69.4 (1.5) |
Having children | + |
| Being married | − | ||
| TAC treatment | − | ||
| Mohammadi S [38] | 68.1 (17.7) | Nutritional status (well-nourished) | + |
| Moradi R [39] | 75.9 (15.2) | Economic status | + |
| Self-efficacy | + | ||
| Musarezaei A [40] | Weak HRQoL 16.36% Moderate HRQoL 58.48% Good HRQoL 25.15% |
Higher level of education | + |
| Fatigue | − | ||
| Najafi F [41] | 43.86 (23.5) | Older Age | + |
| Nikamenesh Z [42] | 10.78 (2.4) | Self-regulation | + |
| Pehlivan S [43] | 55.1 (10.8) | Age, RTCS, Functional, Symptom | + |
| Rohani C [44] | Baseline: | Sense of coherence | + |
| BC group: 58.1 (20.1) | |||
| Control group: 70.1(21.6) | |||
| 6 months post pre-diagnosis: | Education | + | |
| BC group: 68.7 (18.5) | |||
| Control group: 72.4 (18) | |||
| Safa A [45] | Average QoL: 87% High QoL: 13% |
Age | + |
| Disease duration | + | ||
| Fatigue | + | ||
| Interval between diagnosis and treatment | − | ||
| Shakeri J [46] | 70.02 (14.4) | Depression | − |
| Saatci E [47] | 76.1 (14.8) | Unmet needs | + |
| Working women | + | ||
| Safaee A [48] | 64.9 (11.4) | Grade of tumor | − |
| Occupation | + | ||
| Post menopause | + | ||
| Financial difficulties | − | ||
| Dyspnea | − | ||
| Shandiz,F H [49] | 71.4 (22.3) | Older age | − |
| High social status | + | ||
| No radiotherapy | + | ||
| Receiving hormone therapy | + | ||
| Fatigue | − | ||
| Dyspnea | − | ||
| Sinaei F [50] | Mastectomy group: 57.1 Reconstruction group: 72.5 |
Breast reconstruction surgery more positive effect on QoL than Mastectomy | + |
| Uzun Ö [51] | 147.6 (24.0) | Education | + |
| Employed women | + | ||
| Zamanian H [52] | 105.0 (22.7) | Positive religious coping | + |
| Zargani A [53] | 73.1 (9.2) | Religiosity | + |
Abbreviations: AC: Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide. CAM: Complementary alternative medicine. EC: Epirubicin/Cyclophosphamide. ECOG: Eastern cooperative oncology group performance score. FAC = 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. FEC: Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide. RTCS: Radiation therapy comfort scale. TAC: Docetaxel with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. +: signifies a positive association between determinants and HRQoL, determinant develop a better HRQoL.: signifies a negative association between determinants and HRQoL, determinant develop a lower HRQoL.