Ex vivo tumoroid culture encourages in vivo-like cancer cell behavior. (A) Ex vivo tumoroid culture experimental design. (B) Similarity matrix of 4T1 transcriptomic profiles across in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro conditions. (C) Violin plot of magnitude of differential expression of cell cycle DEGs of SBM vs. 2D across culturing conditions. (D) Violin plot of magnitude of differential expression of ECM organization DEGs of SBM vs. 2D across culturing conditions. (E) Violin plot of magnitude of differential expression of interferon signaling DEGs of SBM vs. 2D across culturing conditions. (F) Flow cytometric analysis of 4T1 cells undergoing EMT following 5 days of ex vivo culturing. (G) Abundance of hybrid EMT states following ex vivo culturing. Tumoroid conditions n = 6 from three independent tumors. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.0005, *** p < 0.0005, and **** p < 0.0001 relative to SBM.