PSMD4 and PSMB4 are essential for ATRT cell survival. (a,d,g,j) Immunoblotting for PSMD4 (a,g) and PSMB4 (d,j) in Re1-P6 and BT-12 cells. After 48 h of transfection with scramble shRNA, shRNA-PSMD4 or shRNA-PSMB4, the cellular extracts were subjected to Western blotting with anti-PSMD4 and anti-PSMB4. (b,e,h,k) Proliferation assays were performed on Re1-P6 and BT-12 cells after transfection with scrambled shRNA, shRNA-PSMD4 or shRNA-PSMB4. (b,e,h,k) MTT assay revealed decreased expression of PSMD4 or PSMB4, resulting in decreased proliferation of Re1-P6 cells (b,e) and BT-12 cells (h,k). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, Mann–Whitney U test. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 5 wells). (c,f,i,l) Low clonogenic capacity in PSMD4 down-expression (c,i) and PSMB4 down-expression (f,l) ATRT cells.