Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of surgical site infections (SSIs) in 4 MNGHA hospitals in Saudi Arabia (2007–2016)
| CSEC (N = 141) |
COLO (N = 22) |
CBGB (N = 153) |
CHOL (N = 19) |
HER (N = 16) |
KPRO (N = 19) |
Others (N = 33) |
Total (N = 403) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eligibility | ||||||||
| Procedures surveyeda | 12,002 (53.9%) | 181 (0.8%) | 2409 (10.8%) | 2696 (12.1%) | 1613 (7.3%) | 1312 (5.9%) | 2035 (9.1%) | 22,248 (100.0%) |
| SSI events detecteda | 232 (38.5%) | 28 (4.7%) | 208 (34.6%) | 29 (4.8%) | 31 (5.1%) | 31 (5.1%) | 43 (7.1%) | 602 (100.0%) |
| SSI proportion | 232 (1.9%) | 28 (15.5%) | 208 (8.6%) | 29 (1.1%) | 31 (1.9%) | 31 (2.4%) | 43 (2.1%) | 602 (2.7%) |
| Included procedures | 141 (60.8%) | 22 (78.6%) | 153 (73.6%) | 19 (65.5%) | 16 (51.6%) | 19 (61.3%) | 33 (76.7%) | 403 (66.9%) |
| Included specimensa | 160 (32.5%) | 29 (5.9%) | 194 (39.4%) | 28 (5.7%) | 21 (4.3%) | 22 (4.5%) | 38 (7.7%) | 492 (100.0%) |
| Hospital facilitya | ||||||||
| KAMC-Riyadh | 9 (5.0%) | 22 (12.3%) | 131 (73.2%) | 1 (0.6%) | 3 (1.7%) | 1 (0.6%) | 12 (6.7%) | 179 (100.0%) |
| KAMC-Jeddah | 76 (51.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 22 (14.9%) | 13 (8.8%) | 10 (6.8%) | 13 (8.8%) | 14 (9.5%) | 148 (100.0%) |
| KAH-Al hasa | 15 (75.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (25.0%) | 20 (100.0%) |
| IAFH-Dammam | 41 (73.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (8.9%) | 3 (5.4%) | 5 (8.9%) | 2 (3.6%) | 56 (100.0%) |
| Age, mean ± SDb | 31.2 ± 6.5 | 52.1 ± 18.0 | 63.9 ± 8.7 | 49.2 ± 15.1 | 51.0 ± 16.1 | 64.7 ± 11.4 | 50.9 ± 19.4 | 49.5 ± 18.0 |
| Genderb | ||||||||
| Male | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (54.5%) | 78 (52.0%) | 5 (26.3%) | 4 (25.0%) | 8 (42.1%) | 13 (39.4%) | 120 (30.0%) |
| Female | 141 (100.0%) | 10 (45.5%) | 72 (48.0%) | 14 (73.7%) | 12 (75.0%) | 11 (57.9%) | 20 (60.6%) | 280 (70.0%) |
| Admission | ||||||||
| ICU | 3 (2.1%) | 6 (27.3%) | 153 (100.0%) | 1 (5.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (15.2%) | 168 (41.7%) |
| Wards | 138 (97.9%) | 16 (72.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 18 (94.7%) | 16 (100.0%) | 19 (100.0%) | 28 (84.8%) | 235 (58.3%) |
| Wound class | ||||||||
| Clean | 47 (33.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 153 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 11 (68.8%) | 19 (100.0%) | 24 (72.7%) | 254 (63.0%) |
| Non-clean | 94 (66.7%) | 22 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 19 (100.0%) | 5 (31.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (27.3%) | 149 (37.0%) |
| SSI type | ||||||||
| Superficial | 115 (87.8%) | 6 (27.3%) | 117 (76.5%) | 9 (81.8%) | 8 (72.7%) | 9 (56.3%) | 20 (62.5%) | 284 (75.5%) |
| Deep | 14 (10.7%) | 11 (50.0%) | 32 (20.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (27.3%) | 3 (18.8%) | 10 (31.3%) | 73 (19.4%) |
| Organ/space | 2 (1.5%) | 5 (22.7%) | 4 (2.6%) | 2 (18.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (25.0%) | 2 (6.3%) | 19 (5.1%) |
| Diagnosis time | ||||||||
| Before discharge | 12 (9.7%) | 13 (76.5%) | 60 (40.5%) | 9 (52.9%) | 2 (12.5%) | 3 (25.0%) | 12 (40.0%) | 111 (30.5%) |
| After discharge | 81 (65.3%) | 3 (17.6%) | 69 (46.6%) | 8 (47.1%) | 10 (62.5%) | 4 (33.3%) | 15 (50.0%) | 190 (52.2%) |
| On readmission | 31 (25.0%) | 1 (5.9%) | 19 (12.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (25.0%) | 5 (41.7%) | 3 (10.0%) | 63 (17.3%) |
| Hospital death | ||||||||
| No | 101 (100.0%) | 11 (61.1%) | 116 (90.6%) | 15 (100.0%) | 13 (100.0%) | 14 (100.0%) | 29 (96.7%) | 299 (93.7%) |
| Yes | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (38.9%) | 12 (9.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.3%) | 20 (6.3%) |
Others, procedures with ≤10 specimens including in order abdominal hysterectomy, appendix surgery, craniotomy, gastric surgery, open reduction of fracture, coronary artery bypass graft with only chest incision, hip prosthesis, and breast surgery
Abbreviations: MNGHA Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, KAMC King Abdulaziz Medical City, KAH King Abdulaziz Hospital, IAFH Imam Abdulrahman Al Faisal Hospital, CSEC Cesarean section, COLO Colon surgery, CBGB Coronary artery bypass graft with both chest and donor site incisions, CHOL Gallbladder surgery, HER Herniorrhaphy, KPRO Knee prosthesis
aRow rather than column percentages were calculated b Age and gender were calculated for non-duplicate patients