Figure 2.
Origins of appendicular, axial and craniofacial skeletons. The axial and appendicular skeletons derive from cells of the paraxial mesoderm following a proximal-distal migration of cells from the lateral and intermediary mesoderm or the segmentation of cells from the somatic mesoderm. The craniofacial skeleton derives from the ectoderm cells of the neural crests following a dorsal-ventral migration, enabling the formation of the branchial arches and a posterior-anterior migration.