Table 1.

Clinical findings of ITU and ward patients in comparison to healthy control

	ITU (n = 16)	Ward (n = 15)	Outpatient (n = 15)
Female	9	9	9
Agea	57 (38–68)	64 (38–80)	49 (43–63)
SOFAb	9 (4–12)	1 (0–3)	N/A
CURB-65b	3 (3–4)	3 (1–4)	N/A
Mortality (28 day)	2	0	0
Hospital LOS	18 (9–26)	6 (2–11)	N/A
ICU LOS	10 (4-17)	N/A	N/A
Respiratory support	Invasive ventilation = 11	Room air = 11	Room air = 15
	Face mask CPAP = 3	Nasal specs = 4
	Face mask high flow = 2
Microbiology	No growth = 9	No growth = 15	N/A
	S. pneumoniae = 3
	E. coli = 1
	Influenza = 1
	Metapneumovirus = 2
Beta-lactam antibiotic (glycopeptide synthase inhibitor if penicillin allergic)	Benzylpenicillin = 4	Benzylpenicillin = 9	N/A
	Amoxicillin = 2	Amoxicillin = 1
	Tazocin = 9	Tazocin = 4
	Teicoplanin = 1
Adjunct antibiotic	Clarithromycin = 13	Clarithromycin = 11
	Clindamycin = 1	Ciprofloxacin = 1
	Gentamicin = 1
	Metronidazole = 1
Antiviral	Oseltamavir = 3	Oseltamivir = 1

ITU, severe sepsis patients; ward, sepsis patients; outpatient indicates healthy control; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment score; CURB-65, pneumonia severity score based on confusion, urea nitrogen > 20 mg/dL, respiratory rate > 30 breaths/min, heart beat: Systolic BP < 90 mmHg or diastolic BP < or = 60 mmHg) and Age ≥ 65; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; N/A, not applied

^aMedian (range)

^bMedian (25th–75th percentile)