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. 2020 Feb 27;9(3):561. doi: 10.3390/cells9030561

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Stages of myelopoiesis differentiation in cancer. Myelopoiesis is amplified during chronic inflammation to assist tumour progression and dissemination. The hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) differentiate into the common myeloid progenitor (CMP), which can further differentiate through the hematopoietic system. In physiological conditions, CMP can differentiate into neutrophils or into monocytes, and subsequently into dendritic cells (DC) or macrophages. However, with chronic inflammation, pro-inflammatory cytokines can skew the monocytopoiesis of CMP into monocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) and tumour-associated macrophages (TAM), and granulopoiesis into polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) and tumour-associated neutrophils (TAN).