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. 2020 Apr 7;20:143. doi: 10.1186/s12870-020-02363-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Biological and physiological analyses of NH₄⁺ excess responses of rice. Rice seedlings aged 7 d were subjected to NH₄⁺ treatments for 14 d (a-c, e). a Fresh biomasses of roots and shoots. b Root-shoot ratios. c Free NH₄⁺ content and e Total ROS content in response to NH₄⁺ treatments. d Acute NH₄⁺ excess simulation by treating with high NH₄⁺ for 4 h in the presence of 1 mM MSX. Rice seedlings used for this experiment were 10 d old. Values indicated means ± SE of three independent replicates. ** and *** represented statistical significances at p<0.01 and 0.001, respectively