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. 2020 Mar 14;9(3):721. doi: 10.3390/cells9030721

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Selected liquid biopsy biomarkers for CCA. From the 105 mRNAs commonly altered in serum EVs, CCA human tumors, CCA cells and in cell-derived EVs compared to their corresponding controls, 5 biomarkers were selected based on their diagnostic capacity. Box plot diagrams with the mRNAs abundance in serum EVs (left), CCA tumors from the TCGA, and “Copenhagen” cohorts, CCA cells and cell-derived EVs (right), compared to their respective controls, for (A) c-Maf inducing protein (CMIP), (B) glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1), and (C) NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (NME1); (D) CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 (CDS1), and (E) CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B (CKS1B). (F) Diagnostic prediction (ROC curves and AUC values) of the selected serum liquid biopsy biomarkers and for the combination of CMIP, NME1 and CKS1B for the diagnosis of CCA in comparison with (PSC + UC + Healthy individuals). Abbreviations: AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve; EVs, extracellular vesicles; NHC, normal human cholangiocyte; NBD, normal bile ducts; SL, surrounding liver; TCGA, The cancer genome atlas.

Selected liquid biopsy biomarkers for CCA. From the 105 mRNAs commonly altered in serum EVs, CCA human tumors, CCA cells and in cell-derived EVs compared to their corresponding controls, 5 biomarkers were selected based on their diagnostic capacity. Box plot diagrams with the mRNAs abundance in serum EVs (left), CCA tumors from the TCGA, and “Copenhagen” cohorts, CCA cells and cell-derived EVs (right), compared to their respective controls, for (A) c-Maf inducing protein (CMIP), (B) glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1), and (C) NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (NME1); (D) CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 (CDS1), and (E) CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B (CKS1B). (F) Diagnostic prediction (ROC curves and AUC values) of the selected serum liquid biopsy biomarkers and for the combination of CMIP, NME1 and CKS1B for the diagnosis of CCA in comparison with (PSC + UC + Healthy individuals). Abbreviations: AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve; EVs, extracellular vesicles; NHC, normal human cholangiocyte; NBD, normal bile ducts; SL, surrounding liver; TCGA, The cancer genome atlas.