Table 1.

Results of Humphrey Matrix frequency doubling technology 24-2 and 10-2 (mean parameter value ± standard deviation in decibel [dB]) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 treated with citicoline and vitamin B₁₂ eye drops (DC group) or with placebo (DP group) at baseline and 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up

	Baseline	12 months	24 months	36 months	GLM P value*	P value (over time)
24-2
Mean deviation
DC group	− 0.58 ± 1.68	0.30 ± 1.85	0.36 ± 1.81	− 0.07 ± 1.94		0.464
DP group	− 0.03 ± 3.36	− 0.54 ± 2.41	− 0.09 ± 3.22	− 0.40 ± 2.81	0.105	0.305
P value (between groups)^	0.711	0.560	0.491	0.711
Pattern standard deviation
DC group	3.21 ± 0.47	3.00 ± 0.94	2.73 ± 0.78	3.03 ± 1.24		0.253
DP group	3.02 ± 0.73	2.93 ± 0.47	2.77 ± 0.57	2.82 ± 0.64	0.169	0.372
P value (between groups)^	0.368	0.711	0.751	0.711
Mean sensitivity
DC group	26.58 ± 1.88	27.47 ± 1.47	27.37 ± 2.34	27.18 ± 2.62		0.553
DP group	27.61 ± 3.29	26.80 ± 2.66	26.99 ± 3.06	26.71 ± 3.14	0.170	0.210
P value (between groups)^	0.711	0.711	0.634	0.791
10-2
Mean deviation
DC group	− 0.77 ± 1.57	− 0.27 ± 1.42	− 1.74 ± 1.96	− 1.84 ± 3.04		0.278
DP group	− 0.67 ± 2.51	− 2.32 ± 2.83	− 2.31 ± 3.09	− 2.66 ± 2.74	0.347	0.055
P value (between groups) ^	0.958	0.081	0.266	0.397
Pattern standard deviation
DC group	2.92 ± 0.67	2.70 ± 0.59	3.25 ± 0.91	3.16 ± 1.24		0.176
DP group	3.12 ± 0.56	2.98 ± 0.66	3.00 ± 0.70	3.05 ± 0.78	0.593	0.664
P value (between groups)^	0.427	0.491	0.525	0.874
Mean sensitivity
DC group	28.77 ± 2.27	29.66 ± 1.83	28.52 ± 2.41	28.14 ± 3.46		0.238
DP group	29.76 ± 2.47	27.95 ± 2.90	27.79 ± 2.85	27.41 ± 2.81	0.018	0.009
P value (between groups)^	0.791	0.125	0.427	0.491

Significant values are presented in bold font

*P value of the general linear model (GLM) of Friedman/MAnova repeated measures

^{^}Mann–Whitney U