Hypothesized role of the miR159-GAMYB pathway in tobacco. A, GAMYB mRNA in vegetative tissues. The presence of miR159 strongly repressed GAMYB expression, resulting in no obvious phenotypic impact. B, Upon pathogen infection, miR159 is repressed (via an unknown mechanism, potentially silencing suppressors), enabling the GAMYB mRNA to be expressed. The transcription factor activates defense response pathways, including the HR, causing cell death to limit pathogen infection.