Table 1.
Baseline Clinical Characteristics according to the grades of diastolic dysfunction*
| DIA_N | DIA_I | DIA_II | DIA_III | p - value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 23 | 107 | 31 | 49 | |
| Age (m ± SD) | 52.8 ± 13.0 | 59.5 ± 9.1 | 59.4 ± 8.5 | 58.9 ± 9.9 | 0.196 |
| Follow-up (years) | 8.6 ± 1.1 | 7.1 ± 1.7 | 5.7 ± 2.9 | 3.9 ± 2.4 | < 0.001 |
| Female (%) | 9 (39.1) | 18 (16.8) | 4 (12.9) | 6 (12.2) | 0.032 |
| BMI | 24.2 ± 4.4 | 28.3 ± 4.3 | 27.3 ± 4.0 | 28.8 ± 5.0 | 0.001 |
| ICM | 3 (13.0) | 60 (56.1) | 20 (64.5) | 37 (75.5) | < 0.001 |
| DCM | 1 (4.3) | 36 (33.6) | 11 (35.5) | 12 (24.5) | 0.028 |
| Hypertension | 14 (60.7) | 93 (86.9) | 28 (90.3) | 45 (91.8) | 0.003 |
| DM II | 2 (8.7) | 30 (28.0) | 11 (35.5) | 20 (40.8) | 0.039 |
| CKD | 0 (0) | 23 (21.5) | 10 (32.2) | 16 (32.7) | 0.012 |
| Syncope | 2 (8.7) | 24 (22.4) | 5 (16.1) | 7 (14.3) | 0.349 |
| ICD | 2 (8.7) | 45 (42.1) | 13 (41.9) | 20 (40.8) | 0.023 |
| CRT P | 1 (4.3) | 16 (15.0) | 2 (6.4) | 5 (10.2) | 0.350 |
| LVEF ≤35 | 1 (4.3) | 54 (50.5) | 25 (80.6) | 37 (75.5) | < 0.001 |
| ACE/ARB | 15 (65.2) | 99 (92.5) | 31 (100) | 47 (96.0) | < 0.001 |
| Beta blocker | 12 (52.2) | 96 (89.7) | 26 (83.9) | 45 (91.8) | < 0.001 |
| Diuretics | 4 (17.4) | 68 (63.6) | 21 (67.7) | 35 (71.4) | < 0.001 |
| Amiodaron | 2 (8.7) | 19 (17.8) | 3 (9.7) | 8 (16.3) | 0.557 |
| Sotalol | 1 (4.3) | 4 (3.7) | 3 (9.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.181 |
| NYHA I | 10 (43.5) | 40 (37.4) | 9 (29.0) | 11 (22.4) | 0.193 |
| NYHA II | 13 (56.5) | 55 (51.4) | 16 (51.6) | 20 (40.8) | 0.543 |
| NYHA III | 0 (0) | 12 (11.2) | 6 (19.4) | 18 (36.7) | < 0.001 |
| QRS >0.12 s | 0 (0) | 27 (25.2) | 16 (51.6) | 23 (46.9) | < 0.001 |
*
n (%); ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB = angiotensin II receptor blockers, BMI = body mass index, CKD = chronic kidney disease, CRT P = cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker, DCM = dilated cardiomyopathy, DIA_N = normal diastolic function, DIA_I = impaired relaxation, DIA_II = pseudo-normal pattern, DIA_III = restrictive pattern, DM II = diabetes mellitus 2, ICD = implantable cardioverter/defibrillator, ICM = ischemic cardiomyopathy, LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction