Table 2.
Overview of data from published papers of PA studies/case studies
| References | n | Transplant typea | Median (range) transplant age (years) | Post-transplant metabolic control | Post-transplant neurological health | Complications | Median (range) duration of follow-up | Deaths (cause and number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arrizza et al. [8] | 1 | OLT | 22 (n/a) | No decompensations | Reversal of severe cardiomyopathy (n = 1) | None reported | 10 (n/a) | None reported |
| Barshes et al. [9] | 2 | OLT | 1.7 (1.3–2.0) | No decompensations |
Improvement in bilateral ganglia lesions (n = 1) Improved cognition (n = 1) |
HAT requiring retransplant (n = 1) | 1.4 (0.3–2.4) | None reported |
| Charbit-Henrion et al. [10] | 12 | LT | 3.2 (1.6–6.8) | No decompensations | Reversal of cardiomyopathy (n = 3) |
Repeat transplantation required (n = 4): biliary cirrhosis secondary to HAT (n = 2), primary non-function of the graft (n = 1), hepatic dysfunction after HAT (n = 1) Moderate renal failure (n = 1) PTLD (n = 2) Bipolar disorder (n = 1) Kidney transplant (n = 1) Chronic hepatitis (n = 1) Biliary cirrhosis (n = 2) Biliary stricture (n = 1 after second transplant) ARDS (n = 4) Acute encephalopathy (n = 1) Biliary sepsis (n = 1) |
17 (0–21) |
Multi-organ failure (n = 4) Hepatic failure (n = 3) |
| Critelli et al. [11] | 3 | LDLT | 8.7 (1.2–11.8) | No decompensations | Not reported |
HAT (n = 1) CMV infection (n = 1) Colonic perforation (n = 1) EBV viremia (n = 2) |
2.1 (1.6–2.1) | None reported |
| Kasahara et al. [12] | 3 | LDLT | 2 (0.6–2.2) | No decompensations | Normal mental development (n = 3) |
CMV infection (n = 2) Intestinal perforation which necessitated relaparotomy (n = 1) |
3.3 (n/s) | None reported |
| Kasahara et al. [13] | 9 | LDLT | 2.2 (0.4–12.0) | Recurrent metabolic decompensation (n = 9) | No episodes of cardiac insufficiency reported | Septic complications (n = 4) | Not reported | Sepsis (n = 4) |
| Kayler et al. [14] | 1 | LT | 3 (n/a) | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | 0.25 (n/a) | Cause not specified (n = 1) |
| Lam et al. [15] | 1 | KT | 42 (n/a) | n/s | n/s | n/s | 3 (n/a) | None reported |
| Moguilevitch and Delphin [16] | 1 | LT | 1 (n/a) | Not reported | Not reported | Increase in liver function tests (n = 1) | n/s | None reported |
| Morioka et al. [17] | 3 | LDLT | 2 (1–5) | No decompensations | Not reported | None reported | 2.5 (1.8–4.9) | None reported |
| Nagao et al. [18] | 1 | LDLT | 0.6 (n/a) | No decompensations | Improved neurologic function (n = 1) |
Intestinal perforation (n = 1) CMV infection (n = 1) |
18 (n/a) | None reported |
| Quintero et al. [19] | 6 | LDLT | 5.2 (1.3–7.5) | No decompensations | Stabilisation/ improvement of baseline neurological impairment (n = 6) |
HAT (n = 2) Arterial vasospasm without thrombus during surgery (n = 2) Delayed biliary anastomosis (n = 2) |
1.5 (0.5–4.0) | None reported |
| Rammohan et al. [20] | 6 |
APOLT (n = 5) OLT (n = 1) |
n/s | n/s | Stabilisation of cardiomyopathy (n = 1) |
HAT (n = 1; APOLT) Graft dysfunction leading to severe metabolic decompensation (n = 1; OLT) |
4.2 (n/s) | Severe metabolic decompensation (n = 1) |
| Rela et al. [21] | 1 | ALT | 2 (n/a) | Metabolic decompensation (n = 1) | Acceptable neurological development (n = 1) | None reported | 10 (n/a) | None reported |
| Romano et al. [22] | 2 | OLT | N/a | No decompensations | Reversal of cardiomyopathy (n = 2) | Cardiac arrest (recovered) (n = 1) | 14.5 (7.0–22.0) | None reported |
| Schlenzig et al. [23] | 2 | OLT | 8.0 (7.0–9.0) | No decompensations | Neurological sequelae involving basal ganglia (n = 1) |
Acute rejection (n = 1) Chronic rejection (n = 1) CMV infection (n = 2) Incomplete HAT (n = 1) Persistent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (n = 1) |
1.3 (n/s) | Incomplete HAT (n = 1) |
| Shanmugam et al. [24] | 5 | APOLT | 2.75 (0.7–4.6) | No decompensations | Progressive improvement in developmental scores (n = 5) |
HAT (n = 1) High ammonia without encephalopathy (n = 1) Acute cellular rejection (n = 4) |
2.7 (1.6–4.2) | None reported |
| Vara et al. [25] | 5 | LT | 1.5 (0.8–7.0) | No decompensations | Neurological decompensation (n = 1) |
HAT requiring retransplantation (n = 1) Metabolic stroke (n = 1) |
7.3 (2.2–15.0) | None reported |
| Yorifuji et al. [26] | 3 | LDLT | 2 (1.2–5.1) | Reduced metabolic decompensation |
Improvement in neurological health (n = 1) Data n/a for other patients |
Acute metabolic decompensation (n = 1) | 1.4 (0.7–3.8) | None reported |
ALT auxiliary liver transplantation, APOLT auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, CMV cytomegalovirus, EBV Epstein–Barr virus, HAT hepatic artery thrombosis, KT kidney transplantation, LDLT living-donor liver transplantation, LT liver transplantation, OLT orthotopic liver transplantation, PTLD post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, n/a not available, n/s not specified
aVarious types of liver transplantation used