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. 2020 Mar 12;12(2):plaa011. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa011

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© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Potential routes to formation of polyploid C. rotundifolia. (a) Tetraploid formation by auto polyploidization of diploid, (b) hexaploid formation by backcross between tetraploid and diploid with subsequent polyploidization, (c) hexaploid formation via reduced and unreduced tetraploid gametes, (d) tetraploid formation by diploid × hexaploid cross, (e) pentaploid formation by hexaploid × diploid cross with diploid unreduced gametes, (f) pentaploid formation by tetraploid × hexaploid cross. Ellipses represent reduced (dotted margin) and unreduced (solid margin) gametes. Shaded symbols indicate cytotypes occurring in Britain and Ireland. For simplicity, the triploid bridge (Ramsey and Schemske 1998) (an alternative route to tetraploid formation from diploids) is omitted.