Table 3.
Distribution of heart failure (HF) patients and matched non-HF controls with a diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection according to the variables studied.
| Variable | Categories | HF | Matched Non-HF | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis position | Primary | 1468(21.6) | 1468(21.6) | NA |
| Secondary | 5327(78.4) | 5327(78.4) | ||
| Year N (%) | 2001–2005 | 1180(17.37) | 1180(17.37) | NA |
| 2006–2010 | 1979(29.12) | 1979(29.12) | ||
| 2011–2015 | 3636(53.51) | 3636(53.51) | ||
| Sex. N (%) | Female | 4098(60.31) | 4098(60.31) | NA |
| Male | 2697(39.69) | 2697(39.69) | ||
| Age in years. Mean (SD) | 80.75(9.37) | 80.75(9.37) | NA | |
| Age groups in years. Mean (SD) |
40–64 | 434(6.39) | 434(6.39) | NA |
| 65–74 | 980(14.42) | 980(14.42) | ||
| 75–84 | 2764(40.68) | 2764(40.68) | ||
| ≥85 | 2617(38.51) | 2617(38.51) | ||
| CCI. Mean (SD) | 1.32(0.99) | 1.2(0.97) | <0.001 | |
| CCI. N (%) | 0 | 1446(21.28) | 1737(25.56) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 2697(39.69) | 2756(40.56) | ||
| ≥2 | 2652(39.03) | 2302(33.88) | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia. N (%) | Yes | 1088(16.01) | 1212(17.84) | 0.005 |
| Parenteral antibiotic therapy N (%) | Yes | 2432(35.79) | 2358(34.70) | 0.181 |
| Surgery N (%) | Yes | 842(12.39) | 900(13.24) | <0.191 |
| Severity. N (%) | Yes | 690(10.15) | 729(10.73) | 0.274 |
| Readmission N (%) | Yes | 2229(32.8) | 2034(29.93) | <0.001 |
| ER admission. N (%) | Yes | 6126(90.15) | 6003(88.34) | <0.001 |
| LOHS. Median (IQR) | Yes | 20(22) | 17(20) | <0.001 |
| Cost. Mean (SD) | 4508.08(1944.5) | 4422.41(2846.64) | 0.563 |
The p-value for the difference between patients with HF and matched controls was calculated with the bivariate conditional logistic regression model. CCI—Charlson Comorbidity Index. ER—Emergency room. LOHS—Length of hospital stay. IHM—In-hospital mortality. SD—Standard Deviation. IQR—Interquartile range. NA—Not applicable as it is a matching variable.