Table 2.
Cox proportional hazard regression analysis for new-onset chronic kidney disease or all-cause mortality during the three years after radical nephrectomy in all patients (n = 558).
| Variable | Hazard Ratio | 95% CI | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 1.05 | 1.00–1.09 | 0.043 |
| Female | 1.30 | 0.81–2.10 | 0.368 |
| Body-mass index, kg/m2 | 1.01 | 0.95–1.08 | 0.769 |
| History of hypertension | 1.70 | 1.07–2.78 | 0.022 |
| History of diabetes mellitus | 1.95 | 1.13–3.44 | 0.012 |
| Preoperative hemoglobin, g/dL | 1.14 | 0.99–1.30 | 0.064 |
| Preoperative albumin, g/dL | 0.63 | 0.33–1.12 | 0.077 |
| Preoperative proteinuria, n | 0.82 | 0.42–1.80 | 0.547 |
| Preoperative hematuria, n | 1.12 | 0.57–1.74 | 0.657 |
| Preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min/1.73m2 | 0.99 | 0.98–0.99 | 0.042 |
| Postoperative acute kidney injury | 2.46 | 1.70–3.63 | <0.001 |
| No acute kidney injury | baseline | ||
| Acute kidney injury stage 1 | 1.71 | 1.25–2.32 | <0.001 |
| Acute kidney injury stage 2 or 3 | 2.72 | 1.78–4.10 | <0.001 |
| Preoperative tumor maximal diameter, cm | 1.05 | 0.97–1.12 | 0.164 |
| Open surgery (vs. laparoscopic or robot-assisted) | 0.74 | 0.49–1.15 | 0.255 |
| Operation time, hour | 0.96 | 0.81–1.18 | 0.847 |
| Total intravenous anesthesia | 0.89 | 0.61–1.35 | 0.558 |
| Intraoperative crystalloid administration, per 100 mL | 0.87 | 0.62–1.28 | 0.415 |
| Intraoperative colloid administration, per 100 mL | 1.06 | 0.98–1.16 | 0.176 |
| Intraoperative vasopressor infusion, n | 0.94 | 0.92–1.17 | 0.514 |
| Red blood cell transfusion, n | 0.82 | 0.37–1.75 | 0.427 |
CI = confidence interval. Intraoperative vasopressor infusion means norepinephrine or phenylephrine infusion during surgery.