Table 1.
Characteristics of participants and ophthalmic management. Population with exudative age-related maculopathy (AMD) compared to controls. BMI: body mass index (kg/m2); IOP: intraocular pressure (mmHg); CMT: central macular thickness (µm); VEGF: vascular growth endothelial factor; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; DPA: docosapentaenoic acid. *: significant p-values < 0.05.
| AMD | Controls | p-Values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 40 | N = 40 | ||
| Demographic data and comorbidities | |||
| Mean age (years) | 81.1 | 81.8 | 0.62 |
| Females (%) | 61 | 59 | 0.86 |
| Mean BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 | 25.5 | 0.76 |
| Thyroid disease (%) | 6 (14.6%) | 6 (14.6%) | 1 |
| Diabetes (%) | 1 (2.44%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| Hypertension (%) | 24 (58.6%) | 22 (53.7%) | 0.72 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 10 (24.4%) | 8 (19.5%) | 0.35 |
| Systemic medications | |||
| Antihypertensives (%) | 23 (56.1%) | 21 (51.2%) | 0.66 |
| Lipid-lowering medications (%) | 12 (29.3%) | 8 (19.5%) | 0.35 |
| Antiplatelet treatment (%) | 7 (17.1%) | 9 (22.0%) | 0.57 |
| Insulin (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| Oral diabetes medications (%) | 1 (2.44%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| Corticosteroids (%) | 1 (2.44%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| Thyroid hormones (%) | 6 (14.6%) | 7 (17.1%) | 0.76 |
| Estrogens (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| Vitamin D (%) | 4 (9.76%) | 0 (0%) | 0.12 |
| Ophthalmological features and AMD management | |||
| Mean visual acuity (logMAR) | 0.635 | 0.136 | <0.0001 * |
| Mean IOP (mmHg) | 14.2 | 15.5 | 0.1 |
| Mean CMT (µm) at the initial stage of the disease | 332.5 | 263.6 | <0.0001 * |
| Mean CMT (µm) at inclusion | 236.5 | 263.6 | 0.024 * |
| Cataract (%) | 32.5 | 27.5 | 0.808 |
| AMD Management | |||
| -Anti-VEGF intravitreal injections (%) | 40 (100%) | — | — |
| -Nutritional supplementations: | |||
| -Vitamin E | 6 (14.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.023 * |
| -Vitamin C | 6 (14.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.023 * |
| -Vitamin B3, B6, B2, B1, B9, D3, B12 | 1 (2.44%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| -Zinc | 6 (14.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.023 * |
| -Copper | 2 (4.88%) | 0 (0%) | 0.49 |
| -Selenium | 1 (2.44%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| -Manganese | 1 (2.44%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| -Omega 3 | 6 (14.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.023 * |
| -DHA | 6 (14.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.023 * |
| -EPA | 2 (4.88%) | 0 (0%) | 0.49 |
| -DPA | 2 (4.88%) | 0 (0%) | 0.49 |
| -Resveratrol | 1 (2.44%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| -Lutein | 6 (14.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.023 * |
| -Zeaxanthin | 6 (14.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.023 * |