Fig. 4. Genetic depletion of metabolites in vivo by colonization with WT versus mutant strains of C. sporogenes.
Germ-free mice were monocolonized with WT C. sporogenes or the ΔcutC, ΔprdR, ΔporA/ΔhadB, ΔhadB, or ΔcroA mutants (n ≥ 5 mice per group). Metabolite levels were altered in the host by mutation of the corresponding pathway. Error bars indicate standard deviation. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ns is not significant.