TABLE 3.

Hierarchical regression analysis of first grade character reading with visual processing, general cognitive abilities, and initial character reading controlled.

Steps	Measures	T2 character reading							T2 mathematics
		R2	ΔR2	Beta	t	Tolerance	VIF		R2	ΔR2	Beta	t	Tolerance	VIF
1	Age	0.03	0.03	–0.02	–0.21	0.88	1.14		0.00	0.00	–0.05	–0.47	0.85	1.77
	Gender			0.07	0.86	0.94	1.06				–0.18	–1.57	0.88	1.14
2	T1 character reading/T1 mathematics	0.56	0.54***	0.7	8.33***	0.83	1.2		0.2	0.20***	0.37	2.60***	0.57	1.77
3	T1 nonverbal IQ	0.58	0.02	0.09	0.97	0.71	1.41		0.25	0.05	0.02	0.17	0.61	1.63
	T1 sustained attention			0.03	0.35	0.73	1.36				–0.15	–1.23	0.79	1.27
	T1 inhibitory control			0.02	0.27	0.74	1.36				0.18	1.5	0.82	1.22
4	T1 visual processing	0.62	0.04*	–0.20	−2.49*	0.87	1.15		0.32	0.07*	–0.30	−2.54*	0.82	1.22

T1, senior kindergarten; T2, grade one; VIF, variance inflation factor. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05.