Table 1.
Patient Characteristics.
| Variable | Total Study | Morphine + | Morphine − | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 734 | n = 454 | n = 280 | |||
| Age (years) | 62 (51–71) | 61 (51–70) | 66 (52–72) | 0.03 | |
| Male sex: n (%) | 555/734 (76%) | 356/454 (78%) | 199/280 (71%) | 0.02 | |
| Cardiovascular risk factors: n (%) | |||||
| Current smoking | 316/670 (47%) | 207/415 (50%) | 109/255 (43%) | 0.07 | |
| Hypertension | 488/731 (67%) | 287/452 (64%) | 201/279 (72%) | 0.02 | |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 258/727 (36%) | 156/450 (34%) | 102/277 (37%) | 0.55 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 146/731 (20%) | 76/453 (17%) | 70/278 (25%) | 0.01 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.3 (24.8–30.1) | 27.5 (25.0–30.2) | 27.0 (24.6–30.1) | 0.31 | |
| Anterior infarction: n (%) | 343/702 (51%) | 215/439 (49%) | 128/263 (49%) | 0.94 | |
| Heart-rate (min) | 76 (67–87) | 76 (66–86) | 77 (70–88) | 0.19 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130 (117–147) | 130 (116–145) | 134 (119–150) | 0.42 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 (70–88) | 80 (70–86) | 80 (70–90) | 0.82 | |
| Times (min) | |||||
| Symptom onset to PCI hospital admission | 180 (109–315) | 165 (100–276) | 200 (123–404) | <0.001 | |
| Door-to-balloon-time | 30 (22–42) | 30 (21–40) | 30 (23–45) | 0.67 | |
| Killip-class on admission: n (%) | 0.59 | ||||
| 1 | 650/734 (89%) | 405/454 (89%) | 245/280 (88%) | ||
| 2 | 50/734 (7%) | 28/454 (6%) | 22/280 (8%) | ||
| 3 | 17/734 (2%) | 9/454 (2%) | 8/280 (3%) | ||
| 4 | 17/734 (2%) | 12/454 (3%) | 5/280 (2%) | ||
| Number of diseased vessels: n (%) | 0.76 | ||||
| 1 | 398/734 (54%) | 251/454 (55%) | 147/ 280 (53%) | ||
| 2 | 206/734 (28%) | 125/454 (28%) | 81/280 (29%) | ||
| 3 | 130/734 (18%) | 78/454 (17%) | 52/280 (19%) | ||
| Infarct related artery: n (%) | 0.69 | ||||
| Left anterior descending | 328/734 (45%) | 199/454 (44%) | 129/280 (46%) | ||
| Left circumflex | 89/734 (12%) | 56/454 (12%) | 33/280 (12%) | ||
| Right coronary | 314/734 (43%) | 198/454 (44%) | 116/280 (41%) | ||
| Left main | 3/734 (0%) | 1/454 (0%) | 2/280 (1%) | ||
| TIMI-flow before PCI: n (%) | 0.47 | ||||
| TIMI-flow 0 | 412/734 (56%) | 246/454 (54%) | 166/280 (59%) | ||
| TIMI-flow I | 97/734 (13%) | 66/454 (15%) | 31/280 (11%) | ||
| TIMI-flow II | 119/734 (16%) | 75/454 (16%) | 44/280 (16%) | ||
| TIMI-flow III | 106/734 (14%) | 67/454 (15%) | 39/280 (14%) | ||
| Thrombectomy: n (%) | 111/454 (24%) | 111/454 (24%) | 68/280 (24%) | 0.96 | |
| TIMI-flow post PCI: n (%) | 0.17 | ||||
| TIMI-flow 0 | 11/734 (1%) | 7/454 (1%) | 4/280 (1%) | ||
| TIMI-flow I | 19/734 (3%) | 13/ 454 (3%) | 6/280 (2%) | ||
| TIMI-flow II | 56/734 (8%) | 27/454 (6%) | 29/280 (10%) | ||
| TIMI-flow III | 648/734 (88%) | 407/454 (90%) | 93/280 (86%) | ||
| Peak CK (µmol/l*s) | 26 (12–46) | 27 (13–48) | 26 (10–43) | 0.28 | |
| ST-segment resolution (%) | 55 (23–78) | 58 (25–79) | 51 (20–77) | 0.12 | |
| Concomitant medications: n (%) | |||||
| ß-blockers | 703/732 (96%) | 433/453 (96%) | 270/279 (97%) | 0.43 | |
| ACE-inhibitors/AT-1-antagonist | 698/732 (95%) | 433/453 (96%) | 265/279 (95%) | 0.71 | |
| Aspirin | 734/734 (100%) | 454 /454 (100%) | 280 /280 (100%) | 1 | |
| Clopidogrel, prasugrel or both | 734/734 (100%) | 454 /454 (100%) | 280 /280 (100%) | 1 | |
| Statins | 699/732 (96%) | 435/453 (96%) | 264/279 (95%) | 0.37 | |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 88/732 (12%) | 51/453 (11%) | 37/279 (14%) | 0.42 | |
| Completion of abciximab infusion | 688/733 (94%) | 429/453 (95%) | 259/280 (93%) | 0.94 | |
Continuous data are presented as median and interquartile range. ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme, AT-1 = angiotensin1, BMI = body mass index, CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance, CK = creatine kinase, PCI = primary percutaneous coronary intervention, TIMI = thrombolysis in myocardial infarction.