Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the included patients by year.
| Total | Calendar Year | p-Value for Trends | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 (n = 103) | 2013 (n = 231) | 2014 (n = 284) | 2015 (n = 302) | 2017 (n = 306) | |||
| Age | 68.9 ± 11.6 | 68.7 ± 10.3 | 68.8 ± 11.2 | 68.8 ± 11.7 | 70.0 ± 11.3 | 67.9 ± 12.6 | 0.941 |
| Male sex | 723 (59.0) | 58 (56.3) | 142 (61.5) | 162 (57.0) | 168 (55.6) | 193 (63.1) | 0.328 |
| Hypertension | 869 (70.9) | 79 (76.7) | 168 (72.7) | 193 (68.0) | 213 (70.5) | 216 (70.6) | 0.437 |
| Diabetes | 499 (40.7) | 53 (51.5) | 101 (43.7) | 110 (38.7) | 108 (35.8) | 127 (41.5) | 0.187 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 408 (33.3) | 33 (32.0) | 60 (26.0) | 98 (34.5) | 87 (28.8) | 130 (42.5) | 0.001 |
| Current smoking | 273 (22.3) | 22 (21.4) | 52 (22.5) | 70 (24.6) | 64 (21.2) | 65 (21.2) | 0.630 |
| Coronary disease | 212 (17.3) | 21 (20.4) | 31 (13.4) | 55 (19.4) | 52 (17.2) | 53 (17.3) | 0.903 |
| Valvular heart disease | 47 (3.8) | 4 (3.9) | 3 (1.3) | 10 (3.5) | 20 (6.6) | 10 (3.3) | 0.408 |
| Mechanical valvular disease | 18 (1.5) | 4 (3.9) | 2 (0.9) | 3 (1.1) | 4 (1.3) | 5 (1.6) | 0.714 |
| Mitral stenosis | 29 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | 7 (2.5) | 16 (5.3) | 5 (1.6) | 0.182 |
| Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter | 592 (48.3) | 55 (53.4) | 112 (48.5) | 144 (50.7) | 159 (52.6) | 122 (39.9) | 0.008 |
| Congestive heart failure | 68 (5.5) | 5 (4.9) | 16 (6.9) | 18 (6.3) | 16 (5.3) | 13 (4.2) | 0.265 |
| Peripheral arterial occlusive diseases | 22 (1.8) | 3 (2.9) | 8 (3.5) | 4 (1.4) | 2 (2.2) | 5 (1.6) | 0.141 |
| Previous stroke | 246 (20.1) | 26 (25.2) | 42 (18.2) | 60 (21.1) | 55 (18.2) | 63 (20.3) | 0.754 |
| Preadmission disability | 50 (4.1) | 8 (7.8) | 10 (4.3) | 16 (5.6) | 8 (2.6) | 8 (2.6) | 0.020 |
| Location site (n = 1021) | 0.170 | ||||||
| ICA | 231 (22.6) | 26 (34.7) | 35 (19.7) | 53 (24.5) | 54 (21.7) | 63 (20.8) | |
| MCA | 477 (46.7) | 24 (32.0) | 81 (45.5) | 110 (50.9) | 125 (50.2) | 137 (45.2) | |
| VBA | 103 (10.1) | 11 (14.7) | 20 (11.2) | 23 (10.6) | 18 (7.2) | 31 (10.2) | |
| Others | 40 (3.9) | 2 (2.7) | 10 (5.6) | 7 (3.2) | 7 (2.8) | 14 (4.6) | |
| No Occlusion | 170 (16.7) | 12 (16.0) | 32 (18.0) | 23 (10.6) | 45 (18.1) | 58 (19.1) | |
| Systolic blood pressure | 149.9 ± 28.8 | 153.3 ± 33.6 | 152.5 ± 30.1 | 148.3 ± 27.6 | 149.2 ± 28.8 | 148.8 ± 27.3 | 0.078 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 85 ± 16.6 | 87.4 ± 21.1 | 86.3 ± 15.9 | 86.3 ± 16.6 | 84.1 ± 16.4 | 82.8 ± 15.3 | 0.018 |
| Last normal to ED | 144.3 ± 180.4 | 117.6 ± 159.2 | 131.7 ± 146.6 | 139.4 ± 178.3 | 148.9 ± 174.5 | 162.8 ± 213.8 | 0.015 |
| ED to CT (n = 1212) | 18.5 ± 21.7 | 21.5 ± 16.1 | 18.4 ± 42.3 | 16.5 ± 12.5 | 17.8 ± 11.6 | 20.1 ± 14.1 | 0.450 |
| ED to t-PA infusion (n = 908) | 47.1 ± 23.1 | 56.5 ± 24.9 | 47.8 ± 22 | 47.1 ± 21.8 | 48.7 ± 25.5 | 41.1 ± 20.6 | <0.001 |
| ED to groin puncture (n = 593) | 124.1 ± 57.7 | 137.2 ± 63.7 | 133.7 ± 66.5 | 131.6 ± 50.8 | 123.1 ± 60.3 | 112.8 ± 53.1 | 0.009 |
| ED to final recanalization (n = 497) | 192.3 ± 76.8 | 240.1 ± 99.1 | 206.6 ± 89.1 | 208.8 ± 69.2 | 181.8 ± 78.4 | 172.9 ± 62.6 | <0.001 |
| Last normal to final recanalization (n = 497) | 389.9 ± 244.2 | 401.3 ± 184.8 | 402.1 ± 206.9 | 395.0 ± 249.0 | 395.7 ± 257.0 | 367.8 ± 256.6 | 0.127 |
| NIHSS score at stroke onset | 12 (7−17) | 13 (7−18) | 13 (7−17) | 13 (7−18) | 12 (6−17) | 12 (5−16) | 0.004 |
| Treatment modality | <0.001 | ||||||
| IV t-PA alone | 633 (51.6) | 58 (56.3) | 144 (62.3) | 154 (54.2) | 172 (57.0) | 105 (34.3) | |
| EVT alone | 318 (25.9) | 25 (24.3) | 49 (21.2) | 71 (25.0) | 73 (24.2) | 100 (32.7) | |
| EVT + IV t-PA | 275 (22.4) | 20 (19.4) | 38 (16.5) | 59 (20.8) | 57 (18.9) | 101 (33.0) | |
| Use of stentriever * | 499 (48.1) | 31 (68.9) | 60 (69.0) | 107 (82.3) | 115 (88.5) | 186 (92.5) | <0.001 |
Values are presented as n (%), unless otherwise indicated. ICA, internal carotid artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; VBA, vertebrobasilar artery; ED, emergency department; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; IV, intravenous; EVT, endovascular; t-PA, tissue plasminogen activator. * Among 499 patients who received EVT with/without IV t-PA.