Table 4.

Illustrative quotes of emergent enabler themes and their congruent Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases (TICD) domains.

Interview Findings: Pharmacist Perceived Enablers
(1) Perceived role in delivering PGx (incentives and resources; professional interactions; capacity for organizational change; social political and legal factors)
Request PGx test “Now and then GPs call me to ask whether requesting a PGx test for particular patients is useful.” (P1:17) “The GPs are just really busy, so I think they appreciate that we take PGx upon us.” (P12:12) “I notice that the GPs really want the [PGx] information but they think it is fine if we request the tests. They have even provided us with a signed empty [requesting] form, and let us fill in what [PGx] tests we need. That has happened twice now.” (P12:14) Acting upon PGx test and reporting to patients “We have a very important role because we should know most about it, at least in primary care.” (P4:37) “[PGx testing] really is the task of the pharmacist because we are in the world of contraindications, interactions, and medication surveillance” (P10:26) “The collaboration [with the GPs] is really good, but they think ‘this has something to do with the liver and can cause intoxications or ineffective plasma levels, you know what‒this is your thing.” (P11:19) “I feel that when I have done all the preparatory work, then its fun to report the results to the patient. Especially when its something simple like “you will be getting another statin.” (P2:11) Follow-up “I feel the follow-up should be a shared responsibility between pharmacist and GP. If the pharmacotherapy has changed as a result of PGx, then both GP and pharmacist should be monitoring how things are going.” (P3:10)
(2) Believed effects of PGx (individual health professional factors; patient factors)
Pharmacotherapy improvement “Being able to select those patients at higher risk for adverse drug events before initiating the drug, that is very beneficial” (P13:17) “I think [PGx] may improve drug adherence, I think so.” (P6:25) “I think [PGx] will prevent a lot of healthcare costs related to hospital admissions.” (P15:31) “[testing diagnostically] may not always give a definitive answer, but at least we will be able to cross-out genetics as being the cause [of the adverse event].” (P5:31) “We are now able to fine-tune pharmacotherapy.” (P3:20) “I don’t know if we are saving lives with it, but [PGx] is beneficial and fun.” (P2:50) Pharmacist added value and learning by doing “[PGx] is a great opportunity for pharmacists to show what we can do because a lot of people really don’t know that” (P8:38) “[PGx] makes [pharmacist value] transparent for patients: What does the pharmacist actually do? What is the value of a pharmacy?” (P6:5) “[PGx] gives a really good feeling. This is what I do this profession for.” (P11:15) “This [added value] is the reason why I wanted to participate in this study because I want some experience with PGx testing, for the GPs too” (P7:33) “The more [actionable PGx] interactions you encounter, the easier it becomes.” (P7:20) Professional interaction improvement “[PGx] brings you closer to patients, which really is an added value, and also to the GPs. So I really enjoy doing it.” (P2:56) “[PGx] can give patients a certain feeling of trust in their medication when we say we are going to test your DNA to see if the medication fits your profile, then patients trust it more to start taking it.” (P6:26) “[PGx] confirms what the patient most of the time already knows.” (P1:24)

Quote (Pharmacist number: quote number).