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. 2020 Mar 20;9(3):846. doi: 10.3390/jcm9030846

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury and clinical application with (sub)cellular effects of hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion. Abbreviations: IRI, ischemia-reperfusion injury; HOPE, hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion; FEF, forward electron flow; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; OLT, orthotopic liver transplantation; HSCs, hepatic stellate cells; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha; LSECs, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; DAMPs, damage associated molecular patterns; ET-1, endothelin 1; IL-6, interleukin 6; KC, Kupffer cell; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4.