Table 1.
Viral inhibition of humoral immunity (complement and antibodies)
| Function/Activity | Gene/Protein | Virus | Mechanism | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhibition of soluble complement factors | vCP/C21L, IMP, SPICE, gC, ORF4, CCPH | VV, CPV, VaV, HSV-1, HSV-2 HVS, HHV-8, MHV-68 | Viral homologs of C4BP, CR1, CD46 or CD55 | 1, 2, 3 |
| gp120-gp41 | HIV | Recruitment of factor H | 1 | |
| Blockade of formation of membrane-attack complex | ORF15 | HVS | Viral CD59 homolog | 1, 3 |
| Host proteins CD59, CD55 or CD46 | VV, HIV, HTLV, HCMV | Host proteins incorporated into virion envelope | 1, 3, 34 | |
| Viral IgG Fc receptors | gE-gI, gE, Fcr1, S peplomer | HSV-1, HSV-2, MCMV, coronavirus | Binding of IgG and inhibition of Fc-dependent immune activation | 1, 4, 34 |