Table 1.

Viral inhibition of humoral immunity (complement and antibodies)

Function/activity	Gene/protein	Virus	Mechanism	Refs
Inhibition of soluble complement factors	vCP/C21L, IMP, SPICE, gC, ORF4, CCPH,	VV, CPV, VaV, HSV-1, HSV-2 HVS, HHV-8, MHV-68	Viral homologs of C4BP, CR1, CD46 or CD55	1, 2, 3
	gp120-gp41	HIV	Recruitment of factor H	1
Blockade of formation of membrane-attack complex	ORF15	HVS	Viral CD59 homolog	1, 3
	Host proteins CD59, CD55 or CD46	VV, HIV, HTLV, HCMV	Host proteins incorporated into virion envelope	1, 3, 34
Viral IgG Fc receptors	gE-gI, gE, Fcr1, S peplomer	HSV-1, HSV-2, MCMV, coronavirus	Binding of IgG and inhibition of Fc-dependent immune activation	1, 4, 34