Table 3.
Adjusted effects of cocoa on change in six-minute walk distance at 6-month follow-up*
| No. | Mean (SD) | Mean (90% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 6-M follow-up | Within-group Change | Difference in Changes | P value | ||
| INTENTION TO TREAT RESULTS | ||||||
| Six month change in six-minute walk distance at 2.5 hours after the study beverage (meters) | ||||||
| Cocoa | 17 | 348.6 (74.2) | 356.6 (64.0) | +18.4 (+0.34, +36.5) | +42.6 (+22.2, +∞) | 0.005 |
| Placebo | 20** | 337.3 (85.2) | 322.0 (96.4) | −24.2 (−40.7, −7.8) | --- | --- |
| Six-month change in six-minute walk distance at 24 hours after the study beverage (meters) | ||||||
| Cocoa | 19 | 347.7 (74.3) | 353.0 (76.9) | +15.1 (−1.9, +32.1) | +18.0 (−1.7, +∞) | 0.12 |
| Placebo | 20** | 329.1 (90.4) | 335.4 (92.5) | −2.9 (−19.4, +13.6) | --- | --- |
| RESULTS IMPUTED FOR MISSING DATA | ||||||
| Six-month change in six-minute walk distance at 2.5 hours after the study beverage (meters) | ||||||
| Cocoa | 22 | 338.9 (74.7) | 337.7 (68.6) | +9.8 (−9.8, +29.4) | +32.0 (+8.6, +∞) | 0.040 |
| Placebo | 21 | 330.7 (86.4) | 320.0 (92.3) | −22.2 (−41.5, −3.0) | --- | --- |
| Six-month change in six-minute walk distance at 24 hours after the study beverage (meters) | ||||||
| Cocoa | 22 | 338.9 (74.7) | 346.6 (74.2) | +17.2 (+0.50, +34.0) | +21.5 (+1.5, +∞) | 0.084 |
| Placebo | 21 | 330.7 (86.4) | 336.4 (88.3) | −4.3 (−20.7, +12.1) | --- | --- |
*
Data adjust for smoking, body mass index and race. Baseline and six-month follow-up distances do not sum to the within-group change value, due to adjustment for smoking, body mass index, and race.
**
Note that 1 participant randomized to placebo participated in the 2.5 hour data collection but not the 24 hour data collection and 1 participant randomized to placebo participated in the 24 hour data collection but not the 2.5 hour data collection, resulting in differences in baseline values for the placebo group in the intention to treat analyses.