| Author and year | Bias due to confounding | Bias in selection of participants into the study | Bias in classification of interventions | Bias due to deviations from intended interventions | Bias due to missing data | Bias in measurement of outcomes | Bias in selection of the reported result | Overall risk of bias |
| Hsieh 2005 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
| Pang 2003 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
| Park 2020 | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Serious |
| Wang 2007 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |