Figure 1.

Experiment 1: Despite reexposure to the same rotation, savings was absent with no task errors or random task errors. A, Mean reach directions ± SEM for all cycles for all groups (groups experiencing CW rotations sign-flipped to collapse across CW and CCW groups). One participant from the no task error group did not move toward the presented target in the cycles 41–47, which resulted in the variability that is apparent in the group average plot. Analysis outcomes were similar with and without this dataset. B, E, H, Task error manipulations. C, F, I, Estimated marginal mean ± SEM of percent adaptation (covariate adjusted for prerotation percent adaptation). D, G, J, Mean percent adaptation averaged from the first 5 cycles.