Table 2. Treatment-related characteristics.

Abbreviations: DRUJ, distal radioulnar joint; ECU, extensor carpi ulnaris; LCL, lateral collateral ligament; MC, metacarpal; MCL, medial collateral ligament; ORIF, open reduction internal fixation; PRUJ, proximal radioulnar joint; TFCC, triangular fibrocartilage complex.
1	No		2 wk	ORIF radial head and DRUJ pinning	Open TFCC repair	Removal of hardware and arthrotomy left elbow with capsular excision	2
2_right	Yes	ORIF forearm and radial head excision	12 y	Radial head prosthesis	Ulna shortening osteotomy and lateral epicondyle debridement	1. Hardware removal ulnar shaft, revision radial head prosthesis, capitellum prosthesis, ulnar wrist release with flexor pronator Z lengthening with submuscular transposition 2. Median nerve release, elbow arthroscopy with synovectomy and osteectomy of posterolateral olecranon 3. Wrist arthroscopy and synovectomy, DRUJ arthroplasty with Aptis prosthesis	5
2_left	Yes	ORIF forearm and radial head excision	12 y	Radial head prosthesis and DRUJ stabilization with ECU tendon graft	Wrist arthroscopy, TFCC debridement, ulnar nerve release, flexor pronator z lengthening, lunate triquetral reconstruction using extensor retinaculum, pinning lunate triquetral	1. Revision radial head prosthesis, distal ulnar resection, median and radial nerve release 2. DRUJ arthroplasty with Aptis prosthesis 3. Removal DRUJ prosthesis, DRUJ fusion with iliac crest bone grafting Redo DRUJ effusion with right side iliac crest bone grafting 4. Removal of hardware Left wrist arthroscopy with complete synovectomy, left elbow open arthrotomy with debridement and synovectomy 5. Left elbow and wrist arthroscopy with synovectomy and debridement	9
3	No		2 wk	Radial head prosthesis		1. Removal of radial head prosthesis and debridement of heterotopic ossification	2
4	No		1 wk	ORIF radial head	Repair LCL and MCL, ulnar nerve neurolysis	1. Radial head prosthesis 2. Ulna shortening osteotomy	3
5	Yes	Nonoperative treatment	8 mo	Debridement radial head with microfracturing	Anterior capsule release	1. Radial head excision 2. Radial head prosthesis	3
6	Yes	Radial head prosthesis, removal prosthesis	15 y	Debridement PRUJ		1. Radial head prosthesis 2. Removal radial head prosthesis and fusion with iliac crest bone graft 3. Removal of hardware	6
7	yes	Nonoperative treatment	6 wk	Radial head prosthesis and DRUJ pinning	Repair LCL		1
8	No		1 wk	ORIF radial head		1. Removal of hardware	2
9	No		n/a	Nonoperative treatment			0
10	No		n/a	Nonoperative treatment			0
11	No		2 wk	Radial head prosthesis and DRUJ pinning	Repair LCL, ORIF index MC fracture		1
12	No		1 d	ORIF radial head	Repair LCL		1
13	No		3 d	Radial head prosthesis and DRUJ pinning	Repair LCL	1. Removal of hardware (pins DRUJ) 2. Reconstruction DRUJ with free tendon graft 3. Sauvé-Kapandji arthrodesis	4
14	Yes	Debridement wound and repair triceps laceration	8 mo	Radial head excision	Excision heterotopic ossification PRUJ, excision distal ulna		2
15	Yes	ORIF radial head and distal radius fracture, release compartment syndrome, removal pins	8 mo	Removal of hardware	Excision heterotopic ossification, capsular release		4
16	No		2 wk	Radial head prosthesis and DRUJ pinning		1. Excision scar and heterotopic ossification elbow	2