Table 1.
Baseline Clinical Characteristics
| Variable | Overall (n=17095) |
BMI < 18.5 (n=553) |
BMI ≥ 18.5 & < 25 (n=4723) |
BMI ≥ 25 & < 30 (n=5496) |
BMI ≥ 30 & < 35 (n=3703) |
BMI ≥ 35 (n=2620) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age > 60, (years), m(%) | 7863 (46.0) | 236 (42.7) | 2511 (53.2) | 2827 (51.4) | 1576 (42.6) | 713 (27.2) | <0.001 |
| Female Gender, n(%) | 3660 (21.4) | 175 (31.6) | 1037 (22.0) | 1025 (18.6) | 735 (19.8) | 688 (26.3) | <0.001 |
| Race | |||||||
| White, n(%) | 11560 (67.6) | 330 (59.7) | 3191 (67.6) | 3911 (71.2) | 2589 (69.9) | 1539 (58.7) | <0.001 |
| African American, n(%) | 4054 (23.7) | 147 (26.6) | 1042 (22.1) | 1126 (20.5) | 839 (22.7) | 900 (34.4) | <0.001 |
| Asian, n(%) | 249 (1.5) | 28 (5.1) | 115 (2.4) | 54 (1.0) | 33 (0.9) | 19 (0.7) | <0.001 |
| American Indian | 113 (0.7) | 3 (0.5) | 36 (0.8) | 34 (0.6) | 24 (0.6) | 16 (0.6) | 0.892 |
| Pacific Islander | 64 (0.4) | 5 (0.9) | 18 (0.4) | 14 (0.3) | 14 (0.4) | 13 (0.5) | 0.120 |
| Other | 748 (4.4) | 31 (5.6) | 221 (4.7) | 264 (4.8) | 145 (3.9) | 87 (3.3) | 0.006 |
| Unknown | 368 (2.2) | 12 (2.2) | 119 (2.5) | 111 (2.0) | 66 (1.8) | 60 (2.3) | 0.190 |
| Ethnicity | |||||||
| Hispanic | 1051 (6.1) | 34 (6.1) | 300 (6.4) | 359 (6.5) | 214 (5.8) | 144 (5.5) | 0.306 |
| Blood Type O, n(%) | 8021 (46.9) | 252 (45.6) | 2178 (46.1) | 2598 (47.3) | 1743 (47.1) | 1250 (47.7) | 0.040 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 28.6 ± 7.0 | 15.2 ± 3.0 | 22.5 ± 1.7 | 27.4 ± 1.4 | 32.2 ± 1.4 | 40.0 ± 6.8 | <0.001 |
| BSA (m2), mean ± SD | 2.05 ± 0.29 | 1.49 ± 0.21 | 1.83 ± 0.17 | 2.03 ± 0.17 | 2.20 ± 0.19 | 2.42 ± 0.26 | <0.001 |
| Ischemic Etiology of HF | 7807 (45.7) | 232 (42.0) | 2111 (44.7) | 2734 (49.7) | 1758 (47.5) | 972 (37.1) | <0.001 |
| LVAD Configuration | 0.365 | ||||||
| LVAD | 16461 (96.3) | 526 (95.1) | 4557 (96.5) | 5282 (96.1) | 3563 (96.2) | 2533 (96.7) | |
| LVAD + RVAD | 634 (3.7) | 27 (4.9) | 166 (3.5) | 214 (3.9) | 140 (3.8) | 87 (3.3) | |
| LVAD type | <0.001 | ||||||
| Centrifugal | 2872 (16.8) | 149 (26.9) | 871 (18.4) | 919 (16.7) | 622 (16.8) | 311 (11.9) | |
| Axial | 14223 (83.2) | 404 (73.1) | 3852 (81.6) | 4577 (83.3) | 3081 (83.2) | 2309 (88.1) | |
| Device Strategy | <0.001 | ||||||
| Transplant listed | 4660 (27.3) | 171 (30.9) | 1279 (27.1) | 1613 (29.3) | 1124 (30.4) | 473 (18.1) | |
| Transplant eligible | 5267 (30.8) | 173 (31.3) | 1362 (28.8) | 1656 (30.1) | 1154 (31.2) | 922 (35.2) | |
| Destination Therapy | 7034 (41.1) | 204 (36.9) | 2048 (43.4) | 2190 (39.8) | 1390 (37.5) | 1202 (45.9) | |
| Bridge to recovery | 65 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) | 21 (0.4) | 15 (0.3) | 17 (0.5) | 10 (0.4) | |
| Other | 69 (0.4) | 3 (0.6) | 13 (0.3) | 22 (0.4) | 18 (0.5) | 13 (0.5) | |
| Comorbid Conditions | |||||||
| Diabetes, n(%) | 1121 (9.7) | 38 (9.2) | 191 (6.0) | 339 (9.1) | 313 (12.4) | 240 (13.7) | <0.001 |
| Active Smoker, n(%) | 826 (4.9) | 41 (7.5) | 262 (5.7) | 267 (4.9) | 177 (4.9) | 79 (3.1) | 0.001 |
| Pulmonary HTN, n(%) | 2681 (23.2) | 87 (21.1) | 677 (21.3) | 869 (23.4) | 625 (24.7) | 423 (24.2) | 0.020 |
| PVD, n(%) | 543 (4.7) | 19 (4.6) | 148 (4.7) | 195 (5.3) | 127 (5.0) | 54 (3.1) | 0.010 |
| Atrial Arrhythmia, n(%) | 2460 (21.2) | 84 (20.4) | 660 (20.8) | 789 (21.3) | 579 (22.8) | 347 (19.9) | 0.164 |
| CVA, n(%) | 452 (3.9) | 12 (2.9) | 125 (3.9) | 161 (4.3) | 98 (3.9) | 56 (3.2) | 0.258 |
| CKD, n(%) | 2626 (22.7) | 72 (17.5) | 642 (20.2) | 873 (23.6) | 614 (24.2) | 425 (24.3) | <0.001 |
| CHF Therapies | |||||||
| Beta Blocker | 8858 (51.8) | 256 (46.3) | 2212 (46.8) | 2816(51.2) | 2064 (55.7) | 1510 (57.6) | <0.001 |
| ACE Inhibitor | 4605 (26.9) | 144 (26.0) | 1121 (25.9) | 1464 (26.6) | 979 (26.4) | 797 (30.4) | 0.004 |
| Angiotensin Receptor Blocker | 1471 (8.6) | 34 (6.1) | 309 (6.5) | 477 (8.7) | 375 (10.1) | 276 (10.5) | <0.001 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 6699 (39.2) | 216 (39.1) | 1795 (38.0) | 2083 (38.9) | 1471 (39.7) | 1134 (43.3) | <0.001 |
| Loop Diuretic | 14585 (85.3) | 471 (85.2) | 3955 (83.7) | 4645 (84.5) | 3188 (86.1) | 2326 (88.8) | <0.001 |
| AICD | 13641 (79.8) | 399 (72.2) | 3670 (77.7) | 4332 (78.8) | 3030 (81.8) | 2210 (84.4) | <0.001 |
| CRT | 3204 (18.7) | 108 (19.5) | 837 (17.7) | 1000 (18.2) | 759 (20.5) | 500 (19.1) | 0.003 |
| IV Inotropes | 13835 (80.9) | 465 (84.1) | 3955 (83.7) | 4470 (81.3) | 2894 (78.2) | 2051 (78.3) | <0.001 |
| INTERMACS Profile | <0.001 | ||||||
| INTERMACS 1 | 2778 (16.4) | 113 (20.7) | 779 (16.6) | 918 (16.8) | 594 (16.1) | 374 (14.4) | |
| INTERMACS 2 | 6175 (36.3) | 209 (38.2) | 1857 (39.5) | 2000 (36.6) | 1222 (33.2) | 887 (34.1) | |
| INTERMACS 3 | 5197 (30.6) | 163 (29.8) | 1405 (29.9) | 1661 (30.4) | 1156 (31.4) | 812 (31.2) | |
| INTERMACS 4-7 | 2838 (16.7) | 62 (11.3) | 658 (14.0) | 882 (16.2) | 709 (19.3) | 527 (20.3) | |
| NYHA Class IV | 12899 (75.5) | 433 (78.3) | 3614 (76.5) | 4122 (75.0) | 2785 (75.2) | 1945 (74.2) | 0.084 |
| IABP | 3288 (19.2%) | 126 (22.8) | 958 (20.3) | 1119 (20.4) | 646 (17.4) | 439 (16.8) | <0.001 |
| ECMO | 568 (3.3%) | 25 (4.4) | 139 (2.9) | 193 (3.5) | 134 (3.6%) | 77 (2.9%) | 0.116 |
| Mechanical Ventilation | 822 (4.8%) | 22(4.0) | 216 (4.6) | 268 (4.9) | 194 (5.2%) | 122 (4.7%) | 0.543 |
| Dialysis | 461 (2.7) | 18 (3.9) | 117 (2.5%) | 146 (2.7) | 112 (3.0) | 68 (2.6) | 0.529 |