Table 2.
Baseline characteristics in patients with or without in-hospital mortality
| Survivors (n=3,008) | Non-survivors (n=161) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 75 (70–80) | 77 (70–83) | 0.009 |
| Sex, male | 1,453 (48.3) | 104 (64.6) | < 0.001 |
| Past history | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 849 (28.2) | 59 (36.6) | 0.021 |
| Hypertension | 1,611 (53.6) | 87 (54.0) | 0.905 |
| CAD | 457 (15.2) | 24 (14.9) | 0.922 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 66 (2.2) | 7 (4.3) | 0.076 |
| ESRD on RRT | 87 (2.9) | 8 (5.0) | 0.132 |
| Chronic lung disease | 503 (16.7) | 53 (32.9) | < 0.001 |
| CHF | 57 (1.9) | 6 (3.7) | 0.105 |
| Malignancy | 755 (25.1) | 86 (53.4) | < 0.001 |
| Vital signs | |||
| SBP (mmHg) | 140 (122–155) | 125 (109.5–139.5) | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78 (68–89) | 70 (60–84) | < 0.001 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 99 (87–110) | 90 (78–100) | < 0.001 |
| Heart rate (BPM) | 85 (74–98) | 98 (85–115) | < 0.001 |
| Respiration rate (BPM) | 19 (18–20) | 20 (18–22) | < 0.001 |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.8 (36.5–37.2) | 37.0 (36.5–37.7) | 0.107 |
| Mental status | < 0.001 | ||
| Alert | 2,900 (96.4) | 129 (80.1) | |
| Verbal | 41 (1.4) | 8 (5.0) | |
| Pain | 61 (2.0) | 18 (11.2) | |
| Unresponsive | 6 (0.2) | 6 (3.7) | |
| Triage level | < 0.001 | ||
| Immediate | 23 (0.8) | 5 (3.1) | |
| Emergent | 299 (9.9) | 46 (28.6) | |
| Urgent | 2,050 (68.2) | 105 (65.2) | |
| Semiurgent | 537 (17.9) | 4 (2.5) | |
| Nonurgent | 99 (3.3) | 1 (0.6) | |
| NEWS | 1 (0–3) | 5 (3–8) | < 0.001 |
| Aggregated NEWS | < 0.001 | ||
| Aggregate 0–4 | 2,655 (88.3) | 73 (45.3) | |
| Aggregate 5–6 | 231 (7.7) | 35 (21.7) | |
| Aggregate ≥ 7 | 122 (4.1) | 53 (32.9) | |
| ICU admission | 269 (8.9) | 74 (46.0) | < 0.001 |
| Hospital admissiona) | 1,255 (41.7) | 150 (93.2) | < 0.001 |
Variables are expressed as median (interquartile range) or n (%).
CAD, coronary artery disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; RRT, renal replacement therapy; CHF, congestive heart failure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; NEWS, National Early Warning Score; ICU, intensive care unit.
a)
Hospital admission includes both ward admission and ICU admission.