Table 1.
Association between Venous Excess UltraSound (VExUS) grading system prototypes and the risk of acute kidney injury in the post-operative period
| Grading system | Grade | HR | CI | p values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VExUS A | 0 | Reference category | ||
| 1 | 1.10 | 0.44–2.73 | 0.84 | |
| 2 | 1.41 | 0.58–3.43 | 0.44 | |
| 3 | 3.21 | 1.55–6.67 | 0.002 | |
| VExUS B | 0 | Reference category | ||
| 1 | 1.10 | 0.44–2.74 | 0.84 | |
| 2 | 2.11 | 0.85–2.74 | 0.11 | |
| 3 | 2.43 | 1.18–5.02 | 0.02 | |
| VExUS C | 0 | Reference category | ||
| 1 | 1.25 | 0.58–2.66 | 0.57 | |
| 2 | 2.65 | 1.07–6.60 | 0.036 | |
| 3 | 3.69 | 1.65–8.24 | 0.001 | |
| VExUS D | 0 | Reference category | ||
| 1 | 1.71 | 0.78–3.74 | 0.18 | |
| 2 | 1.95 | 1.02–3.75 | 0.045 | |
| VExUS E | 0 | Reference category | ||
| 1 | 1.72 | 0.78–3.80 | 0.18 | |
| 2 | 2.68 | 1.41–5.12 | 0.003 |
Proportional hazard regression models (Cox) with VExUS grading systems considered as time varying covariates (i.e., VExUS grade at day 0 is used to predict acute kidney injury (AKI) at day 1, VExUS grade at day 1 is used for AKI at day 2 and so on). HR hazard ratio, CI 95% confidence intervals)