Table 3.

Performance parameters of the different VExUS grading systems assessed at ICU admission to predict acute kidney injury in 145 patients after cardiac surgery

Grading system	Grade	Specificity (CI)	Sensitivity (CI)	+LR (CI)	− LR (CI)
VExUS A	1	41% (31–51%)	73% (59–85)	1.24 (0.98–1.57)	0.65 (0.40–1.07)
	2	67% (56–76%)	55% (40–69%)	1.65 (1.13–2.42)	0.67 (0.49–0.93)
	3	86% (78–92%)	39% (26–54%)	2.86 (1.54–5.30)	0.71 (0.56–0.89)
VExUS B	1	41% (31–51%)	73% (59–85%)	1.24 (0.98–1.57)	0.65 (0.40–1.07)
	2	67% (56–76%)	55% (40–69%)	1.65 (1.13–2.42)	0.67 (0.49–0.93)
	3	77% (67–85%)	43% (29–58%)	1.87 (1.15–3.05)	0.74 (0.58–0.95)
VExUS C	1	41% (31–51%)	73% (59–85%)	1.24 (0.98–1.57)	0.65 (0.40–1.07)
	2	87% (78–92%)	39% (26–54%)	2.86 (1.55–5.30)	0.71 (0.56–0.89)
	3	96% (89–99%)	27% (15–41%)	6.37 (2.19–18.5)	0.77 (0.65–0.91)
VExUS D	2	52% (42–62%)	61% (46–74%)	1.28 (0.94–1.73)	0.74 (0.51–1.08)
	3	70% (59–79%)	45% (31–60%)	1.49 (0.96–2.29)	0.79 (0.61–1.03)
VExUS E	2	79% (69–87%)	41% (27–56%)	1.96 (1.17–3.28)	0.75 (0.59–0.95)
	3	93% (85–97%)	29% (17–43%)	3.92 (1.69–9.07)	0.77 (0.64–0.92)
Portal Doppler only	Mild	73% (64–82%)	39% (25–52%)	1.46 (0.90–2.37)	0.83 (0.65–1.08)
	Severe	91% (86–97%)	27% (14–39%)	3.12 (1.39–7.01)	0.80 (0.67–0.96)
Hepatic vein Doppler only	Mild	56% (46–66%)	51% (37–65%)	1.16 (0.81–1.66)	0.88 (0.62–1.23)
	Severe	84% (76–91%)	34% (20–48%)	2.11 (1.15–3.89)	0.79 (0.63–0.98)
Renal Doppler only	Mild	80% (72–88%)	45% (31–59%)	2.27 (1.36–3.77)	0.69 (0.52–0.90)
	Severe	94% (89–99%)	25% (12–37%)	3.92 (1.57–9.81)	0.81 (0.68–0.95)
CVP	≥ 8 mmHg	48% (37–59%)	77% (61–88%)	1.47 (1.13–1.90)	0.49 (0.28–0.86)
	≥ 10 mmHg	66% (55–75%)	58% (42–73%)	1.71 (1.16–2.51)	0.64 (0.44–0.91)
	≥ 12 mmHg	83% (73–90%)	33% (20–49%)	1.91 (1.02–3.59)	0.81 (0.66–1.01)

CI confidence intervals, CVP central venous pressure, +LR positive likelihood ratio, − LR negative likelihood ratio