FIGURE 4.

Effects of Vinp on reactive astrocytes and TNF-α in the rat cerebral cortex after I/R injury. Brain slices were analyzed with double immunostaining using GFAP (red, a reactive astrocytic marker) and TNF-α (green, a pro-inflammatory cytokine). The nuclei were stained with DAPI (n = 3 in each group). Scale bars = 50 μm. Vinp: Vinpocetine; LY: LY294002; I/R: ischemia/reperfusion;