Table 2.
Seroprevalences of N. caninum, T. gondii and mixed infection (N. caninum and T. gondii) in buffaloes based on age categories and the clinical-reproductive parameters.
| Age Categories and Clinical-Reproductive Parameters | No. Tested Buffaloes | Serological Results: no. Positive, (%), (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N. caninum | T. gondii | Mixed Infection | ||
| Age categories | ||||
| <5 years | 28 | 7 (25.0%) (11.4–45.2) | 3 (10.7%) (2.8–29.3) | 4 (14.3%) (4.6–33.5) |
| 5–10 years | 69 | 12 (17.4%) (9.6–28.8) | 7 (10.1%) (4.5–20.3) | 11 (15.9%) (8.6–27.1) |
| 10–15 years | 21 | 5 (23.8%) (9.1–47.5) | 5 (23.8%) (9.1–47.5) | 4 (19.0%) (6.2–42.5) |
| >15 years | 6 | 1 (16.7%) (0.8–63.5) | 2 (33.3%) (6.0–75.8) | 0 (0%) (1.6–48.3) |
| Clinical-reproductive parameters | ||||
| Presence of Abortion (AB) | ||||
| Yes | 49 | 18 (36.7%) * (23.7–51.7) | 2 (4.1%) (0.7–15.1) | 11 (22.5%) (12.3–36.9) |
| No | 75 | 7 (9.3%) (4.1–18.8) | 15 (20%) (11.9–31.2) | 8 (10.7%) (5.1–20.5) |
| Number of AB | ||||
| 1 | 47 | 17 (36.8%) ** (23.0–51.5) | 2 (4.3%) (0.7–15.8) | 10 (21.3%) (11.2–36.1) |
| 2 | 2 | 1 (50%) (2.6–97.3) | 0 (0%) (4.9–80.2) | 1 (50%) (2.7–97.3) |
| Embryonic death (ED) | ||||
| Yes | 60 | 8 (13.3%) (6.3–25.1) | 10 (16.75) (8.7–28.9) | 13 (21.7%) (12.5–34.5) |
| No | 64 | 17 (26.6%) (26.6–39.3) | 7 (10.9%) (4.9–21.8) | 6 (9.4%) (3.9–19.9) |
| Number of ED | ||||
| 1 | 43 | 7 (16.3%) (7.3–31.3) | 9 (20.9%) (10.6–36.5) | 8 (18.6%) (8.9–33.9) |
| 2 | 15 | 1 (6.7%) (0.4–33.9) | 1 (6.7%) (0.4–33.9) | 4 (26.7%) (8.9–55.2) |
| 3 | 2 | 0 (0%) (4.9–80.2) | 0 (0%) (4.9–80.2) | 1 (50%) (2.7–97.3) |
| Retained foetal membranes (RFM) | ||||
| Yes | 67 | 17 (25.4%) (15.9–37.4) | 11 (16.4%) (8.9–27.9) | 10 (14.9%) (7.8–26.2) |
| No | 57 | 8 (14.0%) (6.7–26.4) | 6 (10.5%) (4.4–22.2) | 9 (15.8%) (7.9–28.4) |
| Number of RFM | ||||
| 1 | 62 | 17 (27.4%) (17.2–40.4) | 10 (16.1%) (8.4–28.1) | 9 (14. 5%) (7.3–26.3) |
| 2 | 5 | 0 (0%) (1.9–53.7) | 1 (20%) (1.1–70.1) | 1 (20%) (1.1–70.1) |
| Number of Days Open categories (No. DO) | ||||
| <705 | 32 | 7 (21.9%) (9.9–40.4) | 9 (28.1%) *** (14.4–46.9) | 3 (9.4%) (2.5–26.2) |
| 706–725 | 32 | 8 (25%) (12.1–43.8) | 3 (9.4%) (2.5–26.2) | 2 (6.3%) (1.1–22.2) |
| 726–750 | 33 | 6 (18.2%) (7.6–36.0) | 2 (6.1%) (1.1–21.6) | 9 (27.3%) (13.9–47.8) |
| >750 | 27 | 4 (14.8%) (4.9–34.6) | 3 (11.1%) (2.9–30.3) | 5 (18.5%) (7.0–38.8) |
| Totals | 124 | 25 (20.2%) (13.7–28.6) | 17 (13.7%) (8.4–21.3) | 19 (15.3%) (9.7–23.2) |
* Indicates significant difference: chi-square test = 13.824, p < 0.000; ** chi-square test = 14.052, p < 0.000; *** chi-square test = 7.915, p < 0.048.