Table 1.

Impact of shift work on health of individuals.

Study & Country	Method	Sample Size (n)	Disease Related to Shift Works	Description on the Disease
Nikpour et al. [55] (Iran)	Cross-sectional study	209	Metabolic syndrome	Diagnostic criteria: simultaneously met three out of five criteria: (1) Hypertension, BP > 130/85 mmHg; (2) High serum TG level > 150 mg/dl; (3) High FBS > 110 mg/dl; (4) Low serum HDL level < 50 mg/dl; (5) Abdominal obesity, WC > 88 cm
Thomas et al. [22] (United Kingdom)	Large population-based cohort study	7839	Cardiovascular disease	Risk factors of cardiovascular disease such as adiposity, blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose, and level of inflammatory factors
Koh et al. [56] (Korea)	Cross-sectional study	203	Gastrointestinal disorders	Diseases include irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia
Knutsson et al. [57] (Sweden)	Longitudinal cohort study	549	Breast cancer	Increased risk for breast cancer among women who work in night shifts
Ferri et al. [24] (Italy)	Cross-sectional study	213	Psychological disorders	Job dissatisfaction, poor sleep quantity and quality, chronic fatigue, psychological stress

Note: BP, blood pressure; TG, triglyceride; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; WC, waist circumference.