Figure 3.

Effects of the addition of S. chamaejasme root exudate (SRE) and inoculation without (AM−) or with (AM+) AMF on (a) soil pH, (b) soil electrical conductivity (EC), (c) soil available nitrogen (AN), (d) soil total nitrogen (TN), (e) soil available phosphorus (AP), (f) soil total phosphorus (TP), (g) soil total carbon (TC). Values were means ± SE from eight repeat samples. Different capital letters, or lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05, LSD) among the three SRE concentrations and CK within AM− or AM+ treatment, respectively. SRE₀, SRE₅, and SRE₂₀ represented the original solution, five-fold dilution, and twenty-fold dilution of S. chamaejasme root exudates. The mass concentration within these three SRE treatments was 0.1 g/mL, 0.02 g/mL, and 0.005 g/mL, respectively.