Table 1.

Dietary formulation and proximate composition of the feed.

Ingredient	Composition (%)
	CON 11	GOS 12
Wheat meal	32.8	30.8
Fish meal 1	12.3	12.3
Blood meal 2	10.0	10.0
DDGS 3	11.0	11.0
Soybean meal 4	15.0	15.0
Rapeseed meal 5	10.0	10.0
Fish oil 6	4.6	4.6
Soybean lecithin 7	1.0	1.0
Vitamin-mineral premix 8	1.5	1.5
Vitamin premix 9	0.1	0.1
Choline chloride	0.2	0.2
Fodder chalk	1.5	1.5
Prebiotic 10	0	2
Proximate composition (% dry matter)
Crude protein	35.06
Essential amino acids (g 100 g −1 of crude protein) Arginine	4.53
Histidine	2.80
Lysine	3.50
Tryptophan	1.04
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine	4.96
Methionine + Cysteine	1.75
Threonine	3.13
Leucine	6.72
Isoleucine	3.90
Valine	4.97
Total lipid	9.08
Crude fiber	3.93
Total phosphorus	0.83
Calcium	1.36
Ash	7.17
Gross energy (MJ·kg −1)	18.51

¹ Danish fishmeal, Type F, 72% total protein, 12% fat, FF Skagen, Denmark. ² AP 301 P, 92% total protein, APC (GB) Ltd, Ings Road, Doncaster, UK. ³ Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles, stillage >45% total protein, <6% ash. ⁴ Toasted, 46%–47% total protein. ⁵ 33% total protein, 2% fat. ⁶ Agro-fish, Kartoszyno, Poland. ⁷ BergaPure, deoiled lecithin, 97% pure lecithin, Berg+Schmidt GmbH & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany. ⁸ Polfamix W, BASF Polska Ltd. Kutno, Poland – 1 kg contains: vitamin A 1,000,000 IU, vitamin D₃ 200,000 IU, vitamin E 1.5 g, vitamin K 0.2 g, vitamin B₁ 0.05 g, vitamin B₂ 0.4 g, vitamin B₁₂ 0.001 g, nicotinic acid 2.5 g, D-calcium pantothenate 1.0 g, choline chloride 7.5 g, folic acid 0.1 g, methionine 150.0 g, lysine 150.0 g, Fe 2.5 g, Mn 6.5 g, Cu 0.8 g, Co 0.04 g, Zn 4.0 g, J 0.008 g, carrier up to 1000.0 g. ⁹ Vitazol AD₃E, BIOWET Drwalew, Poland – 1 kg contains: vitamin A 50,000 IU, vitamin D₃ 5000 IU, vitamin E 30.0 mg, vitamin C 100.0 mg. ¹⁰ Bitos® trans-galactooligosaccharide (GOS), Clasado Ltd. ¹¹ Control group without GOS supplementation. ¹² Group supplemented with galactooligosaccharides.